Effect of the combination of voluntary exercise and dietary protein levels on the deposition of glycogen, liver and serum lipids in mice.

Abstract

SummaryThe effects of voluntary exercise on the growth, glycogen of muscle and lipid contents of the liver and serum of mice fed different levels of dietary protein were investigated. In both the exercise and non-exercise groups, body weight gains were significantly greater in the 20% and 30% protein diet groups than in the 6% and 4% protein diet groups. After 6 weeks of age, it was shown that the amount of voluntary exercise by the 6% and 4% protein diet groups was greater than that by the 20% and 30% protein diet groups. As for hematological status, the raising of hemoglobin levels due to increasing dietary protein levels was further exaggerated by voluntary exercise. Hematocrit values rose with the increase in dietary protein levels. However the effect of exercise on hematocrit values was not clear. Liver glycogen levels, which were elevated with the increase in dietary protein levels, rose further due to exercise, though no changes were observed in muscle glycogen due to dietary protein levels and exercise. The lipid contents of the liver in all groups tended to be lower in exercise groups compared with non-exercise groups and it was observed that the high levels of dietary protein depressed the increase in liver lipids. Liver triglyceride levels of all groups fed the dietary protein levels except for the 20% casein diet group decreased due to voluntary exercise, and liver triglyceride levels were also lowered as dietary protein levels increased. The levels of serum triglyceride of all groups decreased due to voluntary exercise. This phenomenon was most remarkable in rats fed a 6% casein diet. The tendency for serum cholesterol levels to decrease due to increasing dietary levels of protein was further intensified by voluntary exercise. However it was not further influenced by voluntary exercise in the 4% casein diet group.

Effect of voluntary exercise and dietary protein levels on serum lipoprotein distributions and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity of mice.

“…The decrease in serum total cholesterol level due to exercise was similar to that found in a previous study (6) except for the 4% E group. The cholesterol ester ratio of exercise groups tended to be higher than that of non-exercise groups.…”

Phenotypic and Evolutionary Plasticity of Organ Masses in Response to Voluntary Exercise in House Mice

“…These effects are generally consistent with findings of previous studies of rodents (see Introduction). However, our finding that both hematocrit and hemoglobin content increased with wheel access, especially in the HR lines (Table 2), is actually counter to the preponderance of human training studies (reviews in Scheuer and Tipton, 1977;Sawka et al, 2000) and the few rodent wheel-running studies that we found (Yashiro and Kimura, 1979;Spodaryk et al, 1985;Pfeil, 1988). Because our study used an 8-week training period, it seems unlikely that these mice had not yet reached a training equilibrium with respect to blood volume changes (Sawka et al, 2000).…”

“…This may be because training generally results in an overall increase in blood volume resulting from equivalent but nonsynchronous increases in both plasma volume and erythrocyte volume (Sawka et al, 2000). In rodent studies, hematocrit and hemoglobin content either showed no change (Yashiro and Kimura, 1979;Pfeil, 1988) or decreased (Spodaryk et al, 1985) after access to running wheels. Systematic studies of the relationship between locomotor activity and changes in blood volume are not available for rodents.…”

Effects of activity, genetic selection, and their interaction on muscle metabolic capacities and organ masses in mice

“…In accordance with human training studies (reviews in Scheuer and Tipton, 1977;Sawka et al, 2000) and previous rodent wheelrunning studies (Yashiro and Kimura, 1979;Spodaryk et al, 1985;Pfeil, 1988), wheel access did not cause an increase in Hct levels among C lines. However, as revealed by one-way ANCOVA examining only mice with wheel access, HR mice had elevated Hct relative to C lines, indicating that for HR lines, wheel access caused an increase in Hct levels.…”