Background: Studies have shown that pre/postnatal undernutrition leads to higher risk of non communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity in adulthood.

Background A number of studies have shown that consumption of vegetable oils may improve diabetes complications including inflammatory response and oxidative stress, but no study has been done on the effects of canola oil (CO) and olive oil (OO) consumption in patients with type 2 diabetes. This clinical trial was done to compare the effects of CO and OO on insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods This randomized controlled clinical trial was done on 77 type 2 diabetic women. 4 weeks before the intervention, lipidlowering drugs intakes were cut under the supervision of an endocrinologist. The participants were randomly divided into 2 intervention groups (Balanced diet +30 g/day CO or OO) and one control group (Balanced diet +30 g/day of sunflower oil (SFO)). Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h food records at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8 of the interventions. At baseline and after 8 weeks, height, weight, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Results After the intervention in the inter-group analysis, CRP level was reduced significantly in CO and OO groups but no significant changes were observed in other factors. CRP reductions were also significant between all of the groups but not for other factors. Conclusions Replacing CO and OO with SFO as part of daily dietary fat in the diet of people with type 2 diabetes is recommended for reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Trial registration.This study is approved by the Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR.SUMS.REC.1394.27) and is recorded in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT2015062722818N1).

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The findings suggest that greater adherence to the DASH dietary pattern is associated with lower BP in healthy Iranian primary school children. However, future prospective studies of adequate methodological quality are warranted to confirm these findings.

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