The spectacular eruption of Lusi began in NE Java, Indonesia, on 29 May 2006 and is still ongoing. Since its birth, Lusi has presented a pulsating activity marked by frequent eruptions of gas, water, mud and clasts. The aim of this study was to bridge subsurface and surface observations to describe Lusi's behaviour. Based on visual observations from 2014 to 2015, Lusi's erupting activity is characterised by four recurrent phases: (1) regular bubbling activity; (2) clastic geysering; (3) clastic geysering with mud bursts and intense vapour discharge; (4) quiescent phase. With a temporary network of five seismic stations deployed around the crater, we could identify tremor events related to phases 2 and 3. One of the tremor types shows periodic overtones that we associate with mud wagging in the feeder conduit. On the basis of our observations, we would describe Lusi as a sedimentary‐hosted hydrothermal system with clastic‐dominated geysering activity.
Relokasi hiposenter gempabumi penting dilakukan untuk mendapatkan lokasi gempabumi dengan ketelitian yang tinggi, diperlukan untuk pemetaan kerawanan gempabumi, studi struktur kecepatan, analisis seismisitas untuk studi global maupun studi lokal dan dalam analisis struktur detail seperti halnya identifikasi zona patahan dan sebaran serta orientasi patahan mikro. Salah satu teknik yang sekarang ini digunakan untuk merelokasi gempabumi adalah algoritma double difference (perbedaan ganda). Relokasi dilakukan terhadap data gempabumi BMKG yang terjadi di wilayah Jawa yang 0 0 0 0 terletak pada 105-115 BT dan 4-12 LS. Jumlah gempabumi sebanyak 1352 kejadian. Jaringan stasiun pencatat yang dipergunakan sebanyak 47 buah. Hasil relokasi menunjukkan pergeseran hiposenter lebih dari 50 km sebanyak 7 gempabumi. Pergeseran hiposenter menyebar ke segala arah dan tidak memiliki kecenderungan ke arah tertentu, namun demikian perubahan hiposenter terbanyak ke arah barat. Relokasi gempabumi dengan kedalaman awal 10 km menunjukkan pergeseran yang random. Relokasi menggunakan hypoDD menunjukkan peningkatan kualitas bila dilihat dari distribusi residual Kata kunci: relokasi gempabumi, perbedaan ganda, hypoDD, wilayah Jawa.
Penentuan hiposenter gempabumi sebelum relokasi biasanya menggunakan metode single even determination (SED). Hiposenter gempabumi yang diperoleh dengan metode tersebut umumnya masih mengandung kesalahan akibat struktur model kecepatan di permukaan bumi yang tidak termodelkan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan relokasi hiposenter menggunakan metode tomografi double-difference (tomoDD), metode ini mampu meningkatkan akurasi posisi hiposenter karena mampu mereduksi kesalahan akibat struktur model di permukaan yang tidak termodelkan. TomoDD adalah program tomografi yang melakukan inversi lokasi hiposenter dan struktur kecepatan secara simultan dengan menggunakan data waktu tiba absolut dan waktu tiba diferensial. Data gempabumi yang digunakan berasal dari katalog BMKG, yaitu gempabumi yang terekam bulan April 2009 hingga Februari 2011di wilayah Jawa, dengan batas lintan 5 LS-11 LS dan batas bujur 105 BT-115 BT, serta interval kedalaman 2 km hingga 684 km. Jumlah stasiun seismograf yang digunakan adalah 36 stasiun. Relokasi gempabumi mengindikasikan dengan jelas lineasi geologi beberapa patahan geologi lokal, seperti: Jawa Barat Fault Zone, Pelabuhan Ratu Fault Zone, patahan geologi Cimandiri, dan patahan geologi di selat Sunda. Relokasi gempabumi di zona patahan geologi Opak terbagi menjadi dua kelompok atau klaster, yaitu distribusi sumber pada patahan geologi Opak dan distribusi sumber gempabumi di timur patahan geologi Opak.
In collaboration with Lapindo, BMKG measured the micro-gravity around LUSI. The measurements were conducted at 171 points. Each point was measured 4 times with time interval between two consecutive measurement is 24 days, in average. The measurements were using micro-gravimeter Scientrex CG-5, intended to investigate the gravity changed caused by the hotmud outflows in LUSI. Authors applied the tide and drift correction before calculating the gravity changed. The gravity changed (D g) is defined as the difference between the previous and the recent gravity measurement for each point. The pattern of negative D g are in circular shapes, in which the location of the center is not co-located with the source of hot-mud outflow, but displaced to the west and to the north west. The maximum D g in this area are-0.311 mgal-0.243 mgal and-0.273 mgal for the first (D g1), second (D g2) and third (D g3), respectively. By comparing the occurrence of subsidence on sites and the value of the D g, the changed of gravity is caused by both the subsidence and the decrease of density. Therefore, it can be predicted that the subsidence around Porong may be expanded to the West and North west of the mud outflow center.
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