Rapid prototyping (RP) is an innovative technology that allows one to obtain a prototype of a mold quickly and accurately from a virtual model. This study aimed to establish the use of photogrammetry and 3D prototyping for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species for training in orthopedic techniques in veterinary medicine. Virtual bio-modelling was performed by the photogrammetry technique with commercial anatomical pieces, and physical biomodelling was performed by 3D printing. Osteotomies were performed on the biomodels that served as platforms for osteosynthesis of the femur and ileum, and the final product was not associated with a risk of biological contamination, was able to support special orthopedic materials, and was used for training and surgical planning. We concluded that the use of photogrammetry and RP for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species enabled techniques for fracture reduction to be performed with the use of special instruments, enabling training in the area of veterinary orthopedics in an economically viable manner with an alternative to experimental animals.

An evaluation was made of the presence of anti-Leishmania infantum chagasi antibodies in domestic dogs from the urban and rural areas of Brazil's Pantanal wetland region using serological techniques. A total of 429 dogs were sampled in three areas of the Pantanal biome, including the municipalities of Poconé, Santo Antônio de Leverger, and Barão de Melgaço, in the state of Mato Grosso, and in the municipality of Corumbá, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to detect antibodies (cut-off point 40) using Leishmania infantum chagasi antigen. Because of the possibility of cross-reactivity between species of the genus Leishmania, samples that were positive in the IFA against L. infantum chagasi were also tested by IFA in the same conditions, using L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis antigens. IFA-positive samples to L. infantum chagasi were also evaluated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results showed the presence of antibodies against L. infantum chagasi in 23 (5.36%; 95% CI: 3.50%-8.05%) dogs and at least one seroreactive dog was found in each of the municipalities evaluated in this study. Antibody titers ranged from 40 to 5,120, and all IFA positive samples were positive in the ELISA. Among the 23 positive dogs, nine were also were seroreactive for L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis antigens. The occurrence of anti-L. infantum chagasi antibodies in dogs was higher in rural areas (7.06%) than in urban areas (2.50%) (P < 0.05). Based on this study, we concluded that dogs from rural areas of the Pantanal wetlands were in contact with Leishmania species, which is relevant information given their importance to public health. Keywords: Dog. Leishmania spp. Antibodies. IFA. ELISA. Pantanal. ResumoNeste trabalho foi realizada uma avaliação sobre a presença de anticorpos anti-Leishmania infantum chagasi em cães domésticos das áreas urbanas e rurais da região do Pantanal brasileiro usando técnicas sorológicas. Um total de 429 cães foram amostrados em três áreas do bioma do Pantanal, incluindo os municípios de Poconé, Santo Antônio de Leverger e Barão de Melgaço, em Mato Grosso, e o município de Corumbá, em Mato Grosso do Sul. A reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) foi utilizada para detectar anticorpos (ponto de corte de 40) de Leishmania infantum chagasi como antígeno. Devido à possibilidade de reação cruzada entre as espécies do gênero Leishmania, as amostras positivas na RIFI para L. infantum chagasi foram também avaliadas na RIFI utilizando L. amazonensis e L. braziliensis como antígenos. As amostras positivas na RIFI para L. infantum chagasi foram avaliadas utilizando o ensaio de imunoadsorção ligado à enzima (ELISA). Os resultados mostraram a presença de anticorpos contra L. infantum chagasi em 23 (5,36%; IC 95%: 3,50% -8,05%) cães e pelo menos um cão soro-reativo foi encontrado em todos os municípios avaliados neste estudo. Os títulos de anticorpos variaram de 40 a 5.120 e todas as amostras positivas na RIFI foram positivas no ELISA. Entre...

ResumoA investigação da contaminação do solo por enteroparasitos já foi efetuada em várias regiões do Brasil, principalmente em locais que podem apresentar riscos à saúde humana, como creches e praças públicas. No presente trabalho, foi relatada a contaminação do solo por ovos de Toxocara spp., Ascaris spp., tricostrongilídeos e oocistos de protozoários em uma comunidade rural localizada no Pantanal Mato-Grossense. Os resultados do presente estudo ressaltam o risco a que podem estar expostos os moradores de comunidades em condições precárias de habitação e saneamento com relação à infecção por parasitas. Palavras-chave:Contaminação do solo. Parasitas. Zoonoses. AbstractStudies concerning soil contamination by enteroparasites have been carried out in different regions of Brazil, particularly in areas that may represent risks to human health, such as daycare playgrounds and public parks. In this study, contamination of soil by eggs of Toxocara spp., Ascaris spp., trichostrongylids as well as by oocysts of protozoa was reported in a rural community located close to the Pantanal Mato-Grossense, Brazil. The results highlight the risk of people living in communities with precarious sanitary conditions in relation to parasitic infection.Keywords: Soil contamination. Parasites. Zoonosis. Parasitas do gênero Toxocara, em especial Toxocara canis e Toxocara cati, infestam o intestino de canídeos e felídeos e são os principais agentes da toxacaríase, uma antropozoonose cosmopolita denominada larva migrans vísceral/ocular. A doença apresenta quadro clínico variável e inespecífico em consequência das reações mecânicas e imunológicas provocadas pela presença de larvas (ANDRADE, 2000). Cães e gatos têm papel relevante na transmissão da doença aos humanos a partir da eliminação de ovos nas fezes em áreas públicas (SANTARÉM; SARTOR; BER-GAMO, 1998). A contaminação do solo por Toxocara spp. em diferentes ambientes, assim como por outros geo-helmintos tem sido confirmada, o que ressalta a importância destas parasitoses para a saúde pública (SANTARÉM; SARTOR; BERGAMO, 1998; TIYO et al., 2008;CASSENOTE et al., 2011). Entretanto, são escassas as informações sobre contaminação por esses parasitas em áreas pouco urbanizadas ou próximas a ambientes rurais ou silvestres. Diante do exposto, o Contaminação de solo por ovos de

Control of oral lesions contributes directly to the health, survival and welfare of captive animals. In order to investigate the occurrence of oral diseases in neotropical wild carnivores kept at the zoo at the Federal University of Mato Grosso -Cuiabá, we evaluated 31 oral cavities from three families of carnivores (Felidae, Canidae and Procyonidae) between July 2012 and June 2013. Twelve coatis (Nasua nasua), three raccoons (Procyon cancrivorus), two maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), six crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), one hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus), three ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), one cougar (Puma concolor) and three wild cats (Puma yagouaroundi, Leopardus wiedii and Leopardus colocolo) were reviewed. The most frequent lesions were dental absences 21/31 (67.7%), dental fractures 20/31 (64.5%) and tooth wear 19/31 (61.3%), which were suggestive of trauma caused from stress. Of lesser importance, we also observed occurrence of dental calculus grade I in 18/31 (58%), caries 1/31 (3.2%), foreign bodies 2/31 (6.4%), orofacial fistulas 1/31 (3.2%), hyperplasia in the oral mucosa 1/31 (3.2%), dental dimming 3/31 (9.7%) and chafing of the soft tissue 5/31 (16.1%). Therefore, it was concluded that environmental enrichment strategies and oral routine evaluation must be implemented to ensure the welfare of these animals, reducing local and systemic adverse effects of oral lesions. The diet has been successful in preventing periodontal disease, suggesting that this diet for the captive animals in the institution should be maintained.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal tissue that exhibits various histological features and a differentiated biological clinical behavior. The combination of clinical, radiological, and histopathological features is important for diagnosis. Surgical treatment of neoplasms with pelvic involvement is a challenge. Primary bone tumors are rare in cats and are mostly reported in older animals. The objective of this paper was to report the case of a feline subjected to total hemipelvectomy as primary treatment of pelvic OSA; the surgical technique and histological analysis of the tumor are described. No signs of recurrence were seen during seven months of follow-up.Case: A 4-year-old female mixed breed cat weighing 3 kg was presented with a one year history of increased volume on the hip joint region. Palpation of the increased volume on the hip showed a firm, adhered, and painful mass. Radiographic examination of the pelvis in the dorso ventral projection exhibited a severe osteoblastic bone reaction on the proximal femur, as well as marked periosteal reaction of the hip joint with involvement of the acetabulum. A ventral approach total hemipelvectomy technique was adopted for excision of the tumor. The animal was placed on a lateral position and a circumferential skin incision was performed on the ipsilateral limb of the affected hemipelvis, on the medial portion of the femur, and was extended cranially up to the thoracolumbar region. The pubic symphysis was exposed with a periosteal elevator and a pubic symphysiotomy was performed on the midline using a Liston bone cutter; next, the sacroiliac junction was resected. No drain was used after surgery, only compressive bandages. The patient was hospitalized for post-operative monitoring which included opioids for pain management and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a cephalosporin class antibiotic. The wound was cleaned with saline, rifamycin spray (Rifocina Spray®) was applied, and dressing was changed every 12 h. The excised bone was submitted for pathological analysis. Gross examination revealed a 4.2 cm hardened increase in volume on the area of the femoral head and acetabulum, with irregular surface; cut surface was hard and white with black and red spots. Histology revealed osteoblastic OSA with intense and solid fusiform and stellate cells distributed in a solid pattern with no capsular border, with marked infiltration of the bone tissue, marked osteolysis, moderate proliferation of osteoclasts, and moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis.Discussion: Bone tumors in cats are rare and develop spontaneously. They exhibit aggressive behavior and promote local bone destruction. Firm consistency and local swelling usually occur in more advanced cases when there is a delay between the onset of clinical signs and the veterinary consultation. Radiological findings such as bone destruction and bone formation are commonly seen in this type of tumor. Hemipelvectomy is considered an aggressive surgical technique, but necessary in many cases, especially when tumors are located in the pelvis and nearby tissues. In the case presented here, this surgery was the most viable and advised therapeutic option because of tumor location. No incidents (i.e. hemorrhage) occurred during the perioperative period. After surgery, the patient continued to perform all custom functions. The hind limb, which was affected in this case, is commonly reported to be affected in the literature; however, it is unusual to have involvement of both bones (pelvis and femur) since vascularization of these bones are independent. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in which a characteristic malignant mesenchymal tumor of primitive bone cells was present, with production of osteoid of variable shapes and quantity with the presence of osteoclastic giant cells.