An extensive field survey was undertaken during the 2003 to 2005 growing seasons to assess the prevalence and incidence of foliar fungal and bacterial diseases affecting dry bean in North Dakota. A total of 250 fields were inspected during the three years of survey. The most prevalent diseases were common bacterial blight, white mold, and bacterial brown spot. Common bacterial blight was prevalent in nearly 100% of the fields inspected in all three years, with a mean incidence of 54%. White mold was observed in 75% of the fields scouted, with a mean incidence of 16%. Bacterial brown spot and halo blight affected 31% and 1% of the fields surveyed, respectively. Rust and anthracnose were observed only in 2003 and 2005, affecting 15% and 5% of the fields inspected across both years, respectively. This survey information on the occurrence and severity of diseases affecting dry bean should help prioritize future research needs and breeding programs. Accepted for publication 7 June 2006. Published 15 September 2006.
U SING NEW electronic technologies in education continues to provide the structural support needed in order to bring meaning to core subject areas. Integrating these new technologies into the classroom and allowing students to explore them can provide young people with a roadmap to the future. But what about technology education itself? As teachers introduce design and problem-solving activities, students learn the range of possibilities that can flourish in the field of engineering. The following websites give just a glimpse of the kind of hands-on teaching that uses technology to teach about technology.http://quest.arc.nasa.gov NASA Quest is a website that sponsors a teachers' guide that provides accurate information about rocket technology. This website offers activities in math, science, and technology, including an in-depth glossary and links to other NASA resources. For fall 2006, NASA Quest is featuring a Lunar Research Station Design Challenge that asks students in grades 5 through 8 to design and build a model Earth-based research station to support "living adaptively and working efficiently" on the Moon.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.