Pendahuluan: Makanan dan minuman yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan kesehatan jika dikonsumsi  akan menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan seperti diare, kolera, disentri, demam tifoid dan keracunan makanan. Menurut data Kemenkes tahun 2017 kasus diare pada tahun 2016 dengan Case Fatality Rate (CFR) mencapai 3.04% dengan 6 orang meninggal dari 198 kasus. Kebersihan peralatan makan merupakan salah satu aspek dalam hygiene dan sanitasi makanan. Proses pencucian peralatan makan yang benar akan berdampak pada hygiene dan sanitasi yang baik. Spons cuci piring umumnya digunakan untuk menghilangkan sisa makanan. Sisa makanan yang terdapat pada spons akan mendukung lingkungan bakteri untuk tumbuh. Spons yang terkontaminasi dapat mengkontaminasi peralatan makan, sehingga menyebabkan penularan penyakit bawaan makanan. Studi kasus di Amerika Serikat menunjukkan bahwa terjadi hampir 38.6 juta kasus penyakit akibat penyebaran penyakit bawaan makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan bakteri patogen serta jenis bakteri patogen yang terdapat pada spons cuci piring pada penjual makanan. Metode: Identifikasi bakteri patogen dilakukan pada 10 spons cuci piring yang digunakan penjual makanan di Pasar Margahayu. Identifikasi bakteri menggunakan pewarnaan Gram dan uji biokimia. Hasil: Jenis bakteri patogen yang teridentifikasi adalah Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, dan Proteus sp. Persentase isolat yang ditemukan adalah 80% spons mengandung S. aureus, 70% mengandung E. aerogenes, 20% mengandung E.coli, 20% mengandung P.aeroginosa, dan 10% mengandung Proteus sp. Kesimpulan: sampel spons cuci piring yang telah dilakukan pewarnaan Gram dan uji biokimia menunjukkan kecurigaan terhadap koloni berwarna putih transparan adalah Proteus sp. koloni putih transparan bulat kecil adalah Enterobacter aerogenes, putih bulat besar adalah Escherichia coli, putih bulat kecil adalah Pseudomonas aeroginosa, koloni merah pada media SSA adalah Enterobacter aerogenes, dan koloni putih dengan zona kuning adalah Staphylococcus aureus.

Pendahuluan: Ekosistem mangrove merupakan ekosistem yang kaya akan nutrisi karena dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut, asupan air tawar dari daratan, akumulasi mineral, dan aktivitas mikroorganisme. Kondisi tersebut menghasilkan ekosistem yang unik dan memiliki keanekaragaman mikroorganisme. Rhizobakteri adalah bakteri yang hidup pada daerah rhizosfer dan membentuk koloni pada sistem perakaran tumbuhan. Rhizobakteri diketahui memiliki bermacam enzim, salah satunya antara lain enzim amilase. Enzim amilase banyak digunakan di industri makanan, tekstil, dam kertas. Metode: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan menskrining amilase yang dihasilkan rizhobakteri dari tanaman mangrove dan bakteri serasah pada mangrove Rhizophora Sp. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan dengan seri pengenceran yang ditumbuhkan dalam medium zobell. Skrinning aktivitas amilase dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan bakteri dalam medium zobell agar yang mengandung pati. Hasil: Isolat rhizobakteri yang berhasil diisolasi dari tumbuhan mangrove muda, mangrove tua, dan serasah berjumlah 42 isolat. Hasil skrining menunjukkan 30 isolat mampu menghasilkan a-amilase. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa isolat Rhizobakteri mangrove yang berhasil diisolasi dari akar tanaman mangrove Pulau Bira Kepulauan Seribu sebanyak 42 isolat dan 30 isolat menghasilkan enzim a-amilase. Isolat yang paling banyak menghasilkan enzim tersebut berasal dari rhizobakteri tanaman mangrove muda dan zona bening yang yang terbesar yaitu 7 mm.

Abstract. Inggraini M, Nurfajriah S, Priyanto JA, Ilsan NA. 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular species identification of clinical carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Biodiversitas 22: 555-562. Antibiotic is the first option treatment for infectious diseases both in human and animal. However, the excessive usage and misuse of antibiotics have driven antibacterial resistances worldwide and the increasing case of antibiotic resistance leads to limited options for treatment. This study aimed to observe antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular identification of carbapenem-resistant human clinical bacteria. A total of nine isolates in this study were collected in 2020 from a teaching hospital in Indonesia. All isolates were originated from various human clinical specimens, including urine, blood, pus, and sputum. Identification using 16s rRNA-based showed that these isolates were closely related to Klebsiella pneumoniae (1/9), A. baumannii (5/9), Escherichia coli (2/9), and Lysinibacillus fusiformis (1/9). According to minimum inhibitory concentration using Vitek Automated Machine, four isolates of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria were found. In contrast, five of them were categorized as extensively-drug resistant (XDR). Interestingly, all of the XDR isolates belonged to A. baumannii. These isolates were resistant to at least seven different antimicrobial classes. A comparison of partial 16s rRNA showed two E. coli had similar variance. While in A. baumannii isolates, we found one of five isolates had a different variance sequence, which suggests different clonality among this species. This study gives an insight into the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria with XDR criteria in Indonesia.

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are becoming a worldwide problem due to limited options for treatment. Moreover, patients infected by MDR with highly virulent accessories are worsening the symptoms, even to the point of causing death. In this study, we isolated bacteria from 14 inanimate surfaces that could potentially be reservoirs for the spread of bacterial infections in the medical university. Blood agar media was used for bacterial isolation. The bacterial colony that showed hemolytic activities on each surface was tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against eight different antibiotics. We found that MDR bacterium, namely TB1, which was isolated from a toilet bowl, was non-susceptible to ampicillin, imipenem, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamicin, and tetracycline. Another MDR bacterium isolated from the mobile phone screen of security officers, namely HSO, was resistant to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, tetracycline, and cefixime. An in vivo virulence test of bacterial isolates used Omphisa fuscidentalis larvae as an alternative to Galleria mellonella larvae for the infection model. A virulence test of TB1 in O. fuscidentalis larvae revealed 20% survival in the bacterial density of 104 and 105 CFU/larvae; and 0% survival in the bacterial density of 106 CFU/larvae at 24 h after injection. Bacterial identification was performed for TB1 as a potential virulent isolate. Bacterial identification using partial 16s rRNA gene showed that TB1 exhibited 99.84% identity to Escherichia fergusonii 2611. This study concludes that TB1 is a potentially virulent MDR E. fergusonii isolated from toilet bowls at a medical university.

Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problemcaused by a lack of nutritional intake for a long time and not caused by hormonal disorders or diseases. Malnutrition in children can cause children to become sick easily, not optimal body postures, intelligence below normal and increase mortility in infants and children. Stunting can result in long-term economic losses for Indonesia. The purpose of this activity is to provide insight to the community to  prevent stunting to thrive in children. This activity is carried out online with the target audience of the general public participating in the webinar. To determine of participants education, an evaluation was conducted using pre test and post test questionnaires to participants, then analyzed descriptively. The result of this activity is that the level of community knowledge based on results of the pre test and post test has increased significantly, which is almost 86,42%. This can be seen from the discussion and questions given to the speakers and the highest score obtained. The highest score after the pre test was obtained up to 100 points while the lowest was 15 points. The highest score after the post test is obtained up to 100 points while the lowest is 30 points.