Resumo Pouco se conhece sobre a estrutura e composição florística das florestas do noroeste fluminense, intensamente fragmentadas. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou contribuir para o conhecimento da flora arbórea desta região respondendo as seguintes questões: Qual a composição florística dos fragmentos e que espécies os caracterizam? A comunidade arbórea dos fragmentos da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Domingos (BHRSD) possui elevada riqueza e diversidade florística? Em que estádio sucessional se encontram os fragmentos florestais da BHRSD? Foram selecionados quatro fragmentos florestais. Em cada um dos fragmentos foram instaladas cinco parcelas de 20 m × 20 m. Todos os indivíduos vivos e mortos com DAP ≥ 5 cm foram amostrados. Um total de 198 táxons pertencentes a 52 famílias botânicas foi amostrado. As espécies mais abundantes foram Apulei a leiocarp a, Gallesi a integrifoli a, Dalbergi a nigra e Guarea guidonia. Os valores de riqueza e de diversidade (H’) de espécies nas cinco diferentes áreas amostrais (0,2 ha) variaram de 33 a 89 e 2,81 a 3,87. Os fragmentos, apesar de secundários e em estádio intermediário de sucessão, apresentaram elevada diversidade, riqueza e uma composição peculiar de espécies arbóreas, que parece receber influências florísticas de formações florestais ombrófilas e semidecíduas do sudeste brasileiro. Sugere-se que estas referidas características estejam relacionadas à posição geográfica da região.
Supplying food to growing human populations without depleting natural resources is a challenge for modern human societies. Considering this, the present study has addressed the use of native arboreal species as sources of food for rural populations in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The aim was to reveal species composition of edible plants, as well as to evaluate the practices used to manage and conserve them. Ethnobotanical indices show the importance of many native trees as local sources of fruits while highlighting the preponderance of the Myrtaceae family. Conservation analysis allowed to identify Campomanesia hirsuta Gardner and Plinia edulis (Vell.) Sobral as being of high Biological Value and Conservation Priority. In spite of that, the local management practices of native fruits appear to be sustainable and contribute to the maintenance and dissemination of valuable species. These results suggest a number of recommended future conservation actions and show the potential of Myrtaceae species for future agronomical development in Neotropical regions.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the cultivation effects of organic conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with tree and fruit species on soil physico-hydraulic properties. Conilon coffee managements in the organic system were: T1, full-sun monoculture; T2, T3, T4, and T5, intercropping with peach palm (Bactris gasipae), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), banana (Musa sp.), and inga (Inga edulis), respectively; and T6, an area of secondary native forest used as a control. The evaluated soil physico-hydraulic properties were: bulk density, porosity, plant-available water capacity, soil-penetration resistance, soil-water content, soil temperature, and least limiting water range. Conilon coffee intercropped with peach palm and gliricidia resulted in lower soil bulk density and penetration resistance, and in higher total porosity, microporosity, and soil-water content. Organic coffee shaded with peach palm and gliricidia improve the soil physico-hydraulic quality, in comparison with the soil under monoculture in full sun and with the soil of secondary native forest.
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