The diatom Didymosphenia geminata, which forms nuisance blooms in low nutrient streams worldwide, was documented as an aggressive invader in South America in 2010 from the Futaleufú basin (43.2• S), in Chilean and Argentinean Patagonia. Within 1 year it was confirmed from 20 rivers distributed over 800 km. Driven by perceived economic impacts to tourism and recreation, a strong response ensued, with education, monitoring and nascent biosecurity efforts based on similar measures in New Zealand. Considering the difficulty in containment (potential range on New Zealand's South Island was occupied by D. geminata within 3 years), the much larger potential range, and limited resources or previous experience in managing invaders in continental waters in South America, it is unlikely that current biosecurity measures will produce significant results. Lacking a coordinated strategic approach or conservation priorities, existing efforts may divert resources from alternatives with greater potential for success, while potentially feeding the public perception that the problem is being addressed. We propose a conservation strategy based on best available but incomplete information on habitat requirements, and a conceptual model of invasion vectors to identify defensible conservation zones (islands and hydrographically isolated areas) with greater potential for being maintained invasion-free.
El estudio aborda la convergencia tensa de nociones propietarias que pequeños y medianos campesinos sostuvieron en litigios por el acceso a la tierra. Se escogió como escenario de observación el valle de Guacarhue, espacio agrícola de la zona central de Chile que desde 1820 experimentó la tensión por la formalización de derechos a la tierra. A partir de un estudio de caso, se constató que los actores, argumentando en atención a intereses de acceso respecto de este bien, posibilitaron el encuentro de nociones propietarias disímiles. Por un lado, entró en escena el sustento que la propiedad tuvo en experiencias de residencia, poblamiento y trabajo, como legado de la cultura jurisdiccional del periodo colonial. Por otro, figuró la emergente validez exclusiva de la escrituración pública. El análisis corrobora la práctica litigiosa como instancia de redefinición y promoción de nociones propietarias. La originalidad de la propuesta radica en la posibilidad de trascender los usos institucionales que los actores hicieron respecto de las políticas de tierra de los nuevos Estados en América Latina, como se ha sostenido hasta el momento. Posibilita, en cambio, comprender estas experiencias litigantes como uno de los ejes fundantes de esas políticas.
La provincia de Chañaral posee una larga tradición minera que ha significado la configuración de un territorio asociado a esa actividad y una profunda monodependencia económica. Actualmente el área enfrenta un complejo escenario ante el inminente cese de faenas de las dos explotaciones en las que descansan la economía y el empleo. El presente artículo explora las posibilidades que tiene el legado minero-industrial para, además de cumplir una función simbólica, constituirse en un recurso que permita a sus habitantes continuar proyectándose al futuro. Palabras claves: Diversificación económica, gestión del territorio, minería, patrimonio industrial, turismo. Chañaral Province has a long mining tradition which has meant setting up a territory associated with that activity and thus a mono-productive economy. Currently, the area is facing a complex scenario due to the imminent cessation of the two mines on which economy and employment rely. This article explores the possibilities of the mining-industrial legacy to not only play a symbolic function, but to constitute a resource that enables people to project their future.
This study focuses on disputes between small and medium tenants, who sought to formalize old land rights. The context under study is Rengo Valley, Chile, between 1820 and 1830, where there was increasing pressure to clarify rights over possessions. The analysis of a sample of 31 trials showed the relevance of the judicial use of the figure Posesión de Tiempo Inmemorial (Possession of Time Immemorial). This was a resource derived from the value of possession in the Hispanic American agrarian legal culture, one that the litigants used strategically. This study’s findings provide new data on the use of socially valued legal figures in justice to defend possession, thus contributing to the discussion on the dispossession of peasants in contexts of proprietary formalization.
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