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En el presente artículo se describe el proceso de diseño y validación de un sistema embebido adaptable a una silla de ruedas eléctrica estándar para su trasformación en una silla de ruedas inteligente, entendiendo esta última, como un sistema integrado completo, que permite al usuario de la silla de ruedas moverse de la misma forma que suele hacerlo por medio de los controles clásicos tipo palanca de una silla de ruedas eléctrica comercial, y que en adición preste algunas funciones en línea como el monitoreo de funciones vitales y movimiento semiautomático de la silla de ruedas en un ambiente conocido, utilizando una interfaz gráfica y un software para planeación de trayectorias.

INTRODUCTION: Extraventricular neurocytomas are rare brain tumors with a reported worldwide incidence of only 0.13%. They originate from neuroepithelial tissue and may present throughout the central nervous system. They affect mostly young adults, and have a favorable prognosis. Due to their rarity, they are not well characterized and most features are derived from case reports. Extraventricular neurocytomas tend to be well circumscribed, contrast-enhancing and heterogeneously solid, often partly or mainly cystic. They share histological features with the more common central neurocytomas but are often more complex, less cellular, and more likely to contain ganglion cells. The primary differential diagnoses are oligodendroglioma, ganglioglioma, gangliocytoma, and dysembryoplastic neuropithelial tumor (DNET). Complete surgical resection is currently the optimal treatment choice. It is not clear whether tumors with anaplasia have a higher relapse rate or if they require adjuvant therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report on a 48 year-old woman with a history of depression who was admitted for focal seizures characterized by left gaze tonic deviation over the last few months. The neurological examination was otherwise normal. Routine EEG showed no epileptic activity. MRI identified an intra-axial heterogeneous round mass in the right frontal lobe with faint heterogeneous enhancement after contrast administration and perilesional oedema. A low-grade glial tumor was suspected. RESULTS: A left frontal craniotomy was performed. Intraoperative findings revealed a grayish and friable mass without superficial expression and with well-defined limits. A gross total resection was achieved. Histological analysis revealed a lesion with rounded cells displaying a "saltand-pepper" chromatin pattern, Homer Wright rosettes and perivascular pseudorosettes. Immunostaining was positive for GFAP, sinaptophysin and NSE. The Ki-67 labeling index of the tumor was 25%. Diagnosis was extraventricular neurocytoma with anaplastic features. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3 months post-surgery and demonstrated no evidence of tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Although neurocytomas are often located in the lateral ventricles, they occur throughout the neuroaxis. This is the main reason why they are not always considered in the differential diagnosis of intraparenchymal cerebral tumors. The diagnosis is aided by radiologic and histologic features. If a gross total resection is achieved, one can expect a good prognosis.

Introduction Quadriplegia caused by spinal cord injury can occur in people of any age range and can be caused by any etiology (traumatic or no traumatic) and directly affects both motor and sensory neurological functions. The aim of this research project is developing a control device for an electric wheelchair for mobility of people with spinal cord injury) in closed or controlled environments, with quadriplegia (very limited mobility or complete immobility of upper and lower limbs. Specifically, the system takes the head position data (head tracking) of the user supplied by a webcam and through an application developed on a Raspberry PI3 single board computer finally, the system generates the movement of the wheelchair depending on the position and movement of the user's head through an electromechanical system with servomotors using intelligent algorithm. The system was tested on 10 immobilized people with upper and lower limbs obtaining a learning response between 1 and 5 minutes, the device is fully portable and adaptable to any electric wheelchair with joystick control. The developed device worked successfully and was compared with other head control devices for electric wheelchairs in the current market, it is, economical and versatile non-invasive system as a solution for mobility autonomy for people with quadriplegia. Keywords: Quadriplegia, Spinal Cord Injurie, Head tracking, Raspberry PI3, Joystick, Servomotors, intelligent algorithm Method During the research process, the importance of the assistive devices has been evidenced as a fundamental component of the rehabilitation, autonomy and improvement of the quality of life. More than 90% of people with spinal cord injuries require some type of wheelchair. These chairs should be appropriate for the needs and limitations of patients and to navigate properly in their environment. Other possible needs for assistive technology are home modifications for home control and communication systems for people with quadriplegia. For the development of the prototype, a Raspberry PI3 with 7-inch LCD touch screen was used. The necessary peripherals for the correct operation are connect at development card for the operation of the electric wheelchair control, using algorithms that ensure the correct operation of the device in adverse conditions for the user. In the final phase of development, a user interface was programmed in Python. The software is user friendly and intuitive for quadriplegic users. The system sends the control signal to the motors according to the instructions indicated by the user. The algorithm process the instruction and signal to guarantees the integrity of the user in advance condition. Results and Conclusions Control system for translation devices using cephalic tracking used for mobility of people in tetraplegia or quadriplegia condition is an option for self-mobility and given to the user autonomy and better quality of life in closed or controlled spaces. The tests carried out during the current research resulted in a low rate crash on the way obstacles and low deviation from the original trajectory, less than 7% for a user learning time between 1 and 6 minutes. The proposed system differ from the other cephalic tracking developments reviewed in the state of the art, with effective autonomy by the use of control algorithms References Wolters Kluwer "ISCOS - Textbook on comprehensive management of spinal cord injuries ". Harvinder Singh Chhabra. New Delhi, India. ISBN: 9351294404. 2005. [2] D. J. Kupetz ; S. A. Wentzell ; B. F. BuSha "Head motion controlled power wheelchair". Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE 36th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC). 2016. ISSN: 00002013. doi: 10.1109/NEBC.2010.5458224. [3] J Aleksandar Pajkanović , Branko Dokić. "Wheelchair Control by Head Motion". SERBIAN JOURNALOF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. Vol. 10 N° 1, pp: 135-151. February 2015. ISSN: 14514869. doi:10.2298/SJEE1301135P [4] Vignesh S.N, Vivek Kumar. A, Bharathi Kannan.K. "Head Motion Controlled Robotic Wheel Chair". International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering. Vol. 1, Ussue 3, pp: 176-179. March 2015. ISSN: 2394 - 6598. Figure 1

The electronic control technology for mobility and domotics control (home automation systems) can be a great help to people with spinal injuries who have major limitations in the mobility and in the use of devices for normal life activity. The design of different type of technologies to provide to the patient aids is able to increase his quality of life.A spinal cord injury (SCI) is typically defined as damage or trauma to the spinal cord that in turn results in a loss or impaired function resulting in reduced mobility or feeling.Typical common causes of damage to the spinal cord are trauma or disease. The resulting damage to the spinal cord is known as a lesion, and the paralysis is known as quadriplegia or quadraplegia / tetraplegia if the injury is in the cervical (neck) region, or as paraplegia if the injury is in the thoracic, lumbar or sacral region.Equipment manufacturers say that designing applications for users with disabilities is not cost-effective. Most of these systems are designed for users who are not disabled; therefore, systems that address disabled users need special interfaces in order to be accessible.In this paper we present a method for developing an electric and mechanical prototype for quadriplegic people provided that they can perform specific grade of mobility. Using an infrared technique, computer vision technology and mechanical design, users can perform some activities for improve his quality of live and give some grade of independence.