Lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined in edible meat of fifteen marine fish species caught on the Southeast Brazilian coast and two from East Antarctic. Most of the fish had lipid amounts lower than 10% of their total weight. Palmitic acid (C16:0) predominated, accounting for 54-63% of the total amount of saturated fatty acids. Oleic acid (C18
Recebido em 7/12/01; aceito em 11/7/02 APPLICATION OF MICROBIAL LIPASES TO CONCENTRATE POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS. Several polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) belonging to the ômega 6 series, such as cis-6,9,12 γ-linolenic acid, as well as those of the ômega 3 series, such as cis -5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid and cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid are of considerable interest due to their nutritional and therapeutic properties. Methods used for the concentration of PUFA from natural sources include urea adduct formation, solvent winterization, supercritical fluid extraction and lipase-catalyzed reaction. Lipases are known to have little reactivity on PUFA and these acids can be enriched by selective hydrolysis, direct esterification of glycerol with PUFA and interesterification. Since lipase reactions are advantageous with respect to fatty acid, positional specificities and mild incubation condition, these enzymes are considered to be suitable for the production of PUFA concentrates for medical purposes.Keywords: polyunsaturated fatty acid; lipase; fatty acid selectivity. INTRODUÇÃOA importância dos ácidos graxos essenciais (ácido linoléico e ácido α-linolênico) na dieta humana foi assunto de grande interesse nas décadas passadas. Estes ácidos que contém duas ou mais insaturações são chamados poliinsaturados e representados por sím-bolos numéricos, como C18:2 (9,12) que representa o ácido linoléico e o C18:3 (9,12,15), o ácido α-linolênico, sendo que o número justaposto ao símbolo C indica o número de átomos de carbono e o segundo número, a quantidade de duplas ligações. A posição da ligação dupla na cadeia hidrocarbonada é indicada entre parênteses, pela identificação do átomo de carbono mais próximo da carboxila implicado na respectiva insaturação. Os ácidos graxos também podem ser divididos em famílias ou séries, dependendo da localização da última ligação dupla em relação ao seu grupamento metílico terminal: família ômega-6 (ω6) representada pelo ácido linoléico e a família ômega-3 (ω3), pelo ácido α-linolênico.Esses dois tipos de ácidos graxos são chamados essenciais porque não podem ser sintetizados pelo organismo humano e devem ser fornecidos através da dieta. Após a ingestão, os ácidos graxos, uma vez absorvidos por células e tecidos, podem ser dessaturados e alongados a outros ácidos poliinsaturados de cadeia longa 1 . Os processos de alongação e dessaturação do ácidos linoléico e α-linolênico ocorrem nos animais e, vagarosamente, nos homens originando diversos metabólitos, como representado na Figura 1. Na atualidade, pesquisas têm enfatizado o importante papel dos metabólitos poliinsaturados, tais como ácido γ-linolênico (18:3 (6,9,12)) da família ω6, ácido eicosapentaenóico (20:5 (5,8,11,14,17)) e ácido docosaexaenóico (22:6 (4,7,10,13,16,19)) da família ω3, representados por EPA e DHA, respectivamente.Os diversos dos ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPI) no metabolismo de lipoproteínas, síntese de eicosanóides e funcionamento das plaquetas e das paredes dos vasos, os tornam de especial i...
Triplicate groups of juvenile suribim were fed for 183 days one of four different isonitrogenous (47.6% crude protein) and isolipidic (18.7% lipid) diets formulated using three different lipid sources: 100% fish oil (FO, diet 1); 100% pig lard (L, diet 2); 100% soybean oil (SO, diet 3), and FO/L/SO (1:1:1, w/w/w; diet 4). The tissue levels of fatty acids 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 decreased relative to corresponding dietary fatty acid values. The 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 composition of muscle and liver neutral lipids were linearly correlated with corresponding dietary fatty acid composition. In contrast, the 22:6n-3 composition of the brain and eye were similar among treatments. The 22:6n-3 level was enriched in all tissues, particularly in the neural tissues. Similar results were observed for tissue polar lipids: fatty acids content reflected dietary composition, with the exception of the 22:6n-3 level, which showed enrichment and no differences between groups. Given these results, the importance of the biochemical functions (transport and/or metabolism) of 22:6n-3 in the development of the neural system of surubim warrants further investigation.
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