Purpose of the study: This study aims to provide an overview of the key issues and challenges faced by the COVID-19 pandemic in the Malaysian tourism and hospitality industry, lessons learned from its devastating effects on the industry, and to contemplate possible solutions and strategies for post-pandemic recovery from a global perspective.
Methodology: This is a conceptual study. In doing so, a comprehensive review of the most recent selected literature was gathered from academic and online news portal and relevant online platforms to extract the current state of the art knowledge. Based on the conceptual analysis, this study unfolds the uncertainties about the critical outcomes of the past events to provide some significant insights focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic, which is denoted as post-crisis analysis based on current and past events.
Main Findings: Based on the comprehensive review of the related literature this paper finds that both from the academic and industry perspective that the emphasis should be given to study, teach and engage with current tourism-related concepts and theories to provide a holistic pedagogy to rebuild and transform the tourism and hospitality industry rather than maintaining the current tourism and hospitality trajectory in the post-Covid 19 pandemic age.
Applications of this study: The practical implications of this paper is to assist the tourism and hospitality managers by providing a glimpse of the current and forthcoming challenges in the industry and to provide critical recovery strategies in the post-pandemic phase for the related tourism and hospitality operators to plan effective business strategies, activities and policies to adopt the new normal.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study exposes the vulnerability of an already gruesome Malaysia tourism and hospitality industry in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic based on the post-crisis analysis in relation to the current and past events, and consequently suggested some critical sustainable resilience strategies for a resurgence in the post-pandemic period from a global point of view.
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In today's tourism industry, consumers are strongly influenced by electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) generated by the social media. Consumer communities on the social media are believed to have tremendous effect on consumers' brand preferences and loyalty intentions. Presence of tourism providers on social media is strongly evident to engage with the current and prospective customers. The objectives of this paper are to examine the influence of social media-based community in consumers' decision making process and consequently how it affects consumers' perceived value and behavioural intention of loyalty towards tourism providers. Based on an extensive literature review on social media and virtual consumer communities, the study proposed a conceptual model of consumer perceived value and loyalty formation in a consumer community on tourism social media. The model combined consumers, company, products, brands and social media as an integrated part of the social media community. On the basis of relationship among these entities, the model further explains the decision making process and its influential factors which are mainly contents, content transmitter and interaction aims. Important findings from the literature are synthesized and a number of critical avenues for future research are postulated. Practical implications of this research are discussed.
The present study was conducted in the Bakkhali river estuary, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh from September 2012 to July 2013. Percentage of protein was the main component of the biochemical composition in the mussels followed by carbohydrate, ash, and lipid. The proximate composition of Meretrix Meretrix revealed that it contained protein (12.184-14.291%), lipid (0.721-0.922%), ash (2.435-3.201%), moisture (77.0-78.9%) and carbohydrate (4.914-5.907%). The mineral content of the Meretrix Meretrix were Ca (0.601-0.801 mg/g), Fe (0.070-0.099 mg/g) and phosphorus (0.300-0.794 mg/g). In the present investigation, the seasonal changes of protein and lipid were found to follow a similar pattern. Hence, a signifi cant positive correlation was found between the percentage of protein and lipid in Meretrix meretrix. A positive relationship was found between the percentage of protein and lipid, protein and ash and, lipid and ash. A signifi cant inverse correlation was found between protein and carbohydrates, carbohydrate and lipid and between carbohydrate and ash content of dry tissue of Meretrix meretrix (p<0.01). Further study on Meretrix meretrix should be carried out since their acceptability to the coastal dwelling community.
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