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Background: AD is the most common cause of dementia in elderly which causes economic burden for the affected individual, caregivers and society. The objective of this study was to see demographic characteristics among AD patients and it will provide magnitude of the problem and planning of health programme for prevention of disease. Methods: This observational analytical study was carried out in the Neurology ward, OPD and Dementia clinic of BSMMU, Dhaka from May’ 15 to February’ 17. A total of 45 patients were recruited as study population after satisfying all the criteria for enrollment. Results: A total of 27 male and 18 female with mean age of 69.20 ± 11.16 years, constituted as cases. Conclusion: The occurrence of AD found more after the age of 65 years. The present study found that lower educational level is associated with more chance of getting AD. Higher rate of Alzheimer’s disease was found in older man than women. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2019; Vol. 35 (1): 10-13

Background: Stroke is responsible for the highest mortality and disability among adult population in Bangladesh. With a death rate of 125.6 per 100,000 populations, Bangladesh ranks 34th globally for stroke related death. This study was aimed to find out association of plasma BNP with acute ischemic stroke severity which may help in management of these patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurology, BSMMU, Dhaka from June 2018 to October 2019. Total 45 subjects with history within 7 days and confirmed by CT scan of head or MRI of brain were selected purposively from the Neurology departments of BSMMU, NINS&H and Internal Medicine department of DMCH, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Venous blood samples were collected from these patients and analyzed at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BSMMU, Dhaka for estimation of plasma BNP. Results: This study found increased plasma BNP of >100 pg/ml in 31.1 % of acute ischemic stroke patients. Mean plasma BNP level was (74.76±52.96 pg/ml) in acute ischemic stroke patient. Significant negative correlation was found between concentration of plasma BNP and time passed in days from first appearance of stroke symptoms (r = - 0.791; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Plasma BNP level was significantly associated with baseline severity of acute ischemic stroke. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2018; Vol. 34 (2): 85-91

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. Many hypotheses have been put forward for PD pathogenesis including role of lipid metabolism. Methods: This case control study was carried out in the department of neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from April 2018 to September 2019. A total of 90 persons were enrolled as study population after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them, 42 PD patients were grouped as cases and 48 healthy persons were controls. Results: We have compared the mean (±SD) value (mg/dl) of serum lipid variables among the cases and the controls. Serum total cholesterol in PD patients was found lower than that of control group (176.88 ± 41.12 vs 209.27 ± 43.69 mg/dl) which was statistically significant (p = 0.001) and mean (±SD) value (mg/dl) of serum LDL-C in PD patients was also found significantly lower than that of control group (107 .44 ± 39.04 vs 127.40 ± 37.83 mg/dl, p = 0.017). Serum TG levels were also significantly lower among PD patients than that of controls (152.40 ±77.86 vs 206.71 ±94.76 mg/dl, p = 0.04). Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were statistically similar among cases and controls (39.81 ± 9.79 vs 39.33 ±12.21 mg/dl, p = 0.840). Conclusion: There is an association between low serum TC, LDL-C and TG levels with PD. Further prospective studies are necessary to confirm the association. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2018; Vol. 34 (2): 66-71

Background and objectives: Dementia is characterized by loss of or decline in memory and other cognitive abilities and reduces the lifespan of affected people. The number of people with Alzheimer’s Disease and other dementias is increasing every year because of the steady growth in the older population and stable increment in life expectancy and it is expected to increase two-fold by 2030 and three-fold by 2050.In addition to Alzheimer’s disease there are so many reversible and irreversible causes of dementia. This study was aimed to explore the different etiological factors related to dementia patients. Risk factors for dementia, co-morbid conditions were also included. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from 2009 to 2014 at dementia clinic (OPD), department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). A total number of 166 dementia patients, as diagnosed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and confirmed by Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE) score were recruited in this study. Diagnosis of specific type of dementia was made on the basis of established criteria. Results: Alzheimer’s disease(32.5%) and Vascular dementia(31.9%) were the most common etiological factor followed by Mixed dementia(19.9%), PD with dementia(8.4%) and others(7.2%) like hypothyroidism, head injury, epilepsy etc. Increasing age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, IHD, smoking are potential risk factors for dementia. Conclusion: This study concludes Alzheimer’s disease and Vascular dementia are almost equally occurring dementia. There are also some potential risk factors for development of dementia whose modification can bring a great change in dementia treatment and functional outcome of this group of elderly people of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2014; Vol. 30 (2): 77-83