BackgroundErythrina indica Lam. traditionally used in the treatment of laxative, diuretic, worm infestation, liver ailment and joints pain.ObjectiveTo evaluate the antihepatotoxic potential of Erythrina indica against isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Methods and materialLiver toxicity was induced by antitubercular drugs (INH+ RIF) at dose level of 50 mg/kg each, p.o for 28 days. 50% methanolic extract of Erythrina indica (100 and 200 mg/kg) were administered orally once daily for 28 days. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin, total protein, albumin and LDH. Meanwhile, in vivo antioxidant activities as SOD, CAT, GSH and, LPO were measured in liver homogenate also histological examinations were carried out to assess hepatoprotective activity.Statistical analysis usedThe values were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey multiple compare test. Results were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05.ResultsObtained results demonstrated that the treatment with Erythrina indica (E. indica) significantly prevented drug induced increase in serum levels of hepatic enzymes. Furthermore, Erythrina indica significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation (P < 0.01 tp P < 0.001) in the liver tissue and restored activities of defense antioxidant enzymes GSH (2.15 ± 0.08 to 2.48 ± 0.99; P < 0.05), SOD (2.69 ± 0.752 to 3.712 ± 0.056; P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) and CAT (10.20 ± 0.58 to 12.59 ± 0.42; P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) towards normal. Histopathology of liver tissue showed that Erythrina indica attenuated the hepatocellular necrosis, regeneration and repair of cells toward normal.ConclusionThe results of this study strongly indicate the protective effect of Erythrina indica against liver injury which may be attributed to its hepatoprotective activity, and there by scientifically support its traditional use.
Many traditional systems of medicines employ herbal drugs for the hepatoprotection. Aim of the study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of ‘ethanolic extract of Aquilaria agallocha (沉 香Chen Xiang) leaves' (AAE) against paracetamol (PCM) induced hepatotoxicity in SD rats. Group I animals were treated with 1% CMC for 8 days. Group II, III, IV and V animals were first treated with ‘1% CMC’ 1 ml/kg/day, AAE 200 mg/kg/day, AAE 400 mg/kg/day and silymarin 100 mg/kg/day respectively for 7 days and then, orally administered with PCM 3 g/kg b. wt. on 8th day in a single dose. 24 h after the last dosing by PCM, the blood was obtained through the retro-orbital plexus under light anesthesia and the animals were sacrificed. Hepatoprotective potential was assessed by various biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, cholesterol, TP and ALB. Group IV rats showed significant (p < 0.01) decrease in ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, cholesterol, bilirubin, liver wt. and relative liver wt. levels while significant (p < 0.01) increase in final b. wt., TP and ALB levels as compared to group II rats. Hepatoprotective potential of AAE 400 mg/kg/day was comparable to that of standard drug silymarin 100 mg/kg/day. Results of the study were well supported by the histopathological observations. This study confirms that AAE possesses hepatoprotective potential comparable to that of standard drug silymarin as it exhibited comparable protective potential against PCM induced hepatotoxicity in SD rats.
BackgroundTraditional systems of medicine use herbal drugs for hepatoprotection. Thus, the study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Spondias pinnata bark extracts against ethanol-induced liver injury in Wistar rats.MethodsGroup I animals were treated with 1 mL/kg 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose and Group II with 12 mL/kg 50% ethanol for 8 consecutive days. Groups III–VII animals were first treated with 400 mg/kg petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract, acetone extract (AE), ethanol extract (EE), and 100 mg/kg silymarin, and then 12 mL/kg 50% ethanol orally after 2 hours pretreatment each day for 8 consecutive days. Six hours after the last dose, blood was withdrawn. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed by several biochemical and antioxidant parameters. It was accomplished by the histopathology and DNA fragmentation study of liver tissues.ResultsTreatment with S. pinnata extracts, mainly AE and EE significantly (p < 0.05–0.01) and dose-dependently prevented the ethanol-induced increase in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, bilirubin, and malondialdehyde, and decrease in reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and albumin. They also attenuated the ethanol-induced DNA damage. Hepatoprotective potential of the extract was less than that of standard drug silymarin. Results of the study were well supported by the histopathological observations.ConclusionS. pinnata extracts AE and EE possess a potent hepatoprotective effect against ethanol-induced liver injury in Wistar rats, and protect them from hepatotoxicity by prevention of ethanol-induced oxidative stress, DNA-damage and altered biochemical markers.
The yield and fatty oil components of the seed kernels of Annona squamosa L. (Family: Annonaceae) were determined by solvent extraction method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seeds were extracted with ethanol and further fractionated with n-hexane. The free radical-scavenging activities of both ethanolic and n-hexane fraction against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were determined by UV spectrophotometer at 517 nm. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds including steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, and different types of ester compounds. The prevailing compounds found in ethanolic fraction were n-hexadecanoic acid (10.08%), heptadecene-(8)-carbonic acid-(1) (29.68%), octadecanoic acid (3.61%), 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (5.14%), ergost-5-en-3-ol (3.68%), stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol (5.93%), and y-sitosterol (8.25%). Compounds found in n-hexane fraction were mainly n-hexadecanoic acid (14.42%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (2.87%), cis-vaccenic acid (10.39%), 9-octadecenoic acid (7.03%), hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (4%), 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (13.33%), ergost-5-en-3-ol (4.04%), stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, (3.beta.,22e) (6.07%), and y-sitosterol (10.87%). The crude fatty oil was converted into methyl esters and analyzed by GC-MS. Eleven compounds constituting 99.9% of the oil were identified. The presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in ethanolic and n-hexane fraction of A. squamosa seed extract justify the use of this plant to treat many ailments in folk and herbal medicine. Both the fractions have shown significant antioxidant activity. The presence of phenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids are reported as possible contributors for antioxidant activity of seed extract.
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