The study results strengthen the role of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and trace elements in the pathogenesis and warrant larger studies to investigate the association of these biochemical parameters with epilepsy.
Introduction
End‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is an abnormality where the kidneys are not usually working. This case‐control study was planned to determine the extent of serum lipid peroxidation, non‐enzymatic antioxidant (vitamin c), and trace elements in 50 patients with ESRD as cases and 50 normal healthy individuals as controls.
Methods
Determination of lipid peroxidation was carried out by ascertaining concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin C in serum using UV spectrophotometry whereas atomic absorption spectroscopy was used for trace elements estimation. The statistical analysis was conducted via the independent
t
‐test samples and Pearson correlation test.
Results
The blood serum study has shown substantially higher MDA values than the control level and lowers vitamin C levels in the patient population (
P
< .001). A negative correlation was found between the vitamin C in serum with BMI and MDA for both patients (
r
= −0.017 and
r
= −0.132, respectively) and the control group (
r
= −0.014 and
r
= −0.229, respectively) after Pearson's correlation analysis. Regarding trace elements, significantly (
P
< .001) lower concentrations of zinc, copper, and manganese were found in the patient group than control subjects. Inter‐element‐relationship established a strong positive harmonization between these studied elements in both the cases of patients and control subjects.
Conclusion
Our results indicate strong associations of the pathogenesis of ESRD with depleted non‐enzymatic antioxidant, increased lipid peroxidation, and inconsistency in trace elements concentration in serum, which may provide a prognostic tool for the treatment of this concerning the disease.
Biochemical parameters are greatly influenced by genetic, physiological and environmental factors. Regional data is essential to establish a relationship between End stage renal disease (ESRD) and biochemical parameters. In Bangladesh, there is not any established research data on biochemical parameters of ESRD patient. The present study was a case control study with 500 ESRD patients and equal number of healthy volunteers (controls). Sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical data of both patients and controls were collected. Serum biochemical parameters were analyzed by laboratory test. Statistical software package SPSS were used for independent sample t-test and Pearson's correlation test. Our study found that serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum uric acid were significantly higher (p<0.05) and serum potassium were significantly lower in ESRD patient as compared to control subjects (p<0.05). But serum chloride, serum sodium and serum calcium level were in the normal range. Pearson correlation analysis reveals that serum creatinine and serum chloride was inversely correlated with GFR (glomerular filtration rate) in both patient and control groups. This study explored that ESRD patients have higher level of serum creatinine, BUN and serum uric acid but lower level of serum potassium than normal patient. Routine investigation of serum biochemical parameters may help to prevent ESRD complication.
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