school physics teaching materials problem-oriented topics fluid wetlands through approach Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) has not been optimally used in SMA PGRI 4 Banjarmasin. This adversely affects the learning outcomes. Therefore, research material development through an approach Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) which aims to develop teaching materials such as lesson plans, worksheets, THB, and material teaching approach Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). The specific objective of the research to result in: (1) the validity of teaching materials school physics problem-oriented topics fluid wetlands through Contextual Teaching and Learning approach; (2) the practicality of teaching materials school physics problem-oriented topics fluid wetlands through Contextual Teaching And Learning approach, and (3) the effectiveness of teaching materials-oriented high school physics topics fluid wetland problem through an approach Contextual Teaching And Learning. Development of research methods to the design of Dick and Carey. Data obtained through the instrument validation sheet materials, lesson plan observation sheets, and test. The results showed that: (1) teaching materials declared invalid by the high category. (2) teaching materials developed otherwise practical with very good category. (3) teaching materials developed that was declared effective in the high category. Research concluded that high school physics teaching materials problem-oriented topics fluid wetlands through approach Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL) is declared unfit for use.

Background: Lactobacillus acidophilus is a gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria which mostly causes chronic caries lesions. In the process of cavity preparation it is reported that it is not possible to remove all microorganisms and even bacteria can survive even after removal of the necrotic tissue. Efforts to stop the growth of these bacteria are by chemical cavity cleanser using a 5% NaOCl, but this material have disadvantages including irritating periradicular tissue, unpleasant odor, and toxicity. Due to its disadvantages, it is hoped that natural ingredients can be used as alternatives. Cocoa peel extract has active compounds of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins which have antibacterial ability with a concentration of 6% according to the non-toxic minimum kill concentration of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Purpose: To analyze the difference in antibacterial power between the extract of cocoa bark with a concentration of 6% compared to 5% NaOCl against Lactobacillus acidophilus. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental in vitro with a post test-only control group design. Using diffusion method against Lactobacillus acidophilus grown in tubes containing BHIB, then cultured in a petridish which contains a nutrient agar and is divided into 2 parts extract cocoa peel extract 6% and NaOCl 5%, then each petridish given a paper disc that has been poured 10μl by each material, then incubated inthe incubator for 2x24 hours at 37oC and observe the diameter of the inhibition zone formed using a caliper. Results: The average diameter of the inhibition zone formed in the 6% cocoa peel extract was 11.8375 mm and NaOCl 5% was 26.0344 mm against Lactobacillus acidophilus. Conclusion: There is a difference in antibacterial power between 6% cocoa peel extract and 5% NaOCl against Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Learning activities are carried out by students in achieving learning goals. One factor that can support children's learning activities is parental treatment, among others in the form of, (1) meet the child's basic needs, (2) guiding children, (3) educating children. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. The subjects in the study were elementary students in class IV, V, and VI consist of 75 people. Data collection tools used in the form of instruments (questionnaire) and data analysis using descriptive methods. Based on the research findings, children's perceptions of parental treatment in supporting learning activities classified as good, which includes: meeting basic needs, guiding, and educating children.