Background: Studies have shown that Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes neuromuscular dysfunction by damaging different parts of the central nervous system and inflammation that can increase C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Nevertheless, the beneficial effects of endurance training (ET) and royal jelly (RJ) on inflammation and reduction of CRP are not fully elucidated. Objectives: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of ET with RJ on gene expression of CRP in muscle tissues of rats with AD. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 rats with AD (8 mg/kg trimethyltin injection) were randomly divided into four groups of 1-ET, 2-ET + [RJ (100 mg/kg)], 3-RJ and 4-control. Also, six healthy rats were placed in the healthy control group to investigate the effects of AD induction on CRP gene expression. Endurance training groups performed endurance training with a speed of 15 -20 m/min, 5 sessions per week for eight weeks. Results: Our findings showed ET and RJ significantly decreased CRP gene expression in muscle tissues of rats with AD (P = 0.001) as well as the interaction of ET and RJ was significant in reducing CRP gene expression in muscle tissues of rats with AD (P = 0.001).Conclusions: It appears that ET and RJ have interactive effects on the reduction of CRP in muscle tissues of rats with AD.

Histopathological changes in the ovaries were tested in normal adult females and those developed from treated one day old of the fifth nymphal instar of the desert locust with (LC 50) of Consult and Lufox. S. gregaria as well as other orthopterous insects has panoistic ovarioles, each ovariole is divided into a germarium and a vitellarium; the gemarium contains the oogonia and the pre-follicular cells which surround the oocytes to form the ovarian follicles in the vitellarium; and is invested with non-cellular tunica propria and an outer cellular sheath (tunica externa). In the ovarian follicles of those females developed from the treated nymphs with consult showed vacuolization of cytoplasm and degeneration of the cell components of follicular epithelium, oocytes were the most obvious signs of damage. Damage was pronounced in the ovarioles of these females developed from the treated nymphs with Lufox. Ovariole growth was stunted and vitellogenesis and chorion formation were completely inhibited.

Background. Hormone disorders, stress-oxidative and inflammation in ovarian tissue cause no-ovulation in women with polycyclic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Several studies have shown the role of exercises in control of sex hormones. Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of swimming training (ST) on serum levels of sex hormones, antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage of DNA ovarian tissue in rats with PCOS. Methods. In this experimental study, 30 female Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups included control, PCO (letrozole consumption for 28 days intra-peritoneally) and PCO+ST groups. PCOS was induced with 28 days of peritoneal injection of 1 mg/kg letrozole. The ST program was included 6 weeks of ST for 20 minutes per day. At the end of the treatment period, serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone, SOD, CAT, GPX, MDA and HOdG-8 in ovarian tissue were measured by ELISA method. Results. ST significantly decreased serum levels of LH, estradiol, testosterone, MDA and HOdG-8 levels (p<0.05) as well as increased SOD, CAT, and GPX enzymes of rats with PCOS (p<0.05). Conclusion. It appears that ST has antioxidant and sex hormone enhancing effects in ovarian tissue of rats with PCOS model.

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