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The aim of this study is to determine the effects of age on blood cytokine levels and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and thyroid hormones levels in sheep of different ages. Female sheep of lamb (4-6 months), young (12-18 months) and adult (36-40 months) from a herd in same care and feeding conditions were used in the study. Blood samples were taken before morning feding from 30 sheep in total, 10 heads from each age group. MDA, glutathione (GSH), interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and T3 and T4 levels were determined in blood samples. Young animals have significantly higher MDA and lower IL-6 levels than lambs. There was no difference between age groups in terms of GSH, IL-1β, TNF-α, T3 and T4 levels. As a result, age has an effect on blood lipid peroxidation and IL-6 levels in sheep.

Selenium, whose name comes from the Greek word for “Selene,” has been a topic of interest as a micronutrient ever since it was described in 1817 as a by-product of sulfuric acid manufacturing. Selenium, the most important micronutrient for both humans and animals, must be consumed daily to support the body’s natural metabolism and homeostasis. The small intestine is responsible for the absorption of selenium in both its organic and inorganic forms. Selenium is then able to be widely distributed throughout the body’s diverse tissues, where it plays an important role in the regulation of the synthesis of selenoproteins. The synthesis of human selenoproteins involves the incorporation of a selenium-containing homolog of cysteine in each of the 25 selenium-containing proteins that make up this series. Many selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidase (GPX), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and iodothyronine deiodinases (IDD), function as crucial cellular defenses against oxidative stress. Therefore, selenium is extremely important in boosting antioxidant defense. Recent studies have also shown that there is a close relationship between selenium and inflammation, and that selenium has regulatory effects on inflammation by affecting the expression of various cytokines. This chapter’s goal was to thoroughly review the research on how selenium is related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the blood levels of vitamin C, cortisol, and leptin, depending on the vitamin C supplementation administered orally at high dose intervals in rats. A total of 21 female Wistar Albino rats aged 6-9 months were randomly divided into three groups, each group containing seven animals. The first group is the control group, and the experiment groups are Vitamin C (1000 mg/kg CA group, orally), Vitamin C (3000 mg/kg CA group, orally). At the end of the total experiment period of 10 days, blood samples were taken into the serum tube as intracardiac. Vitamin C, cortisol, and leptin levels were determined from serum. It was found that there was no difference between the groups in serum vitamin C, cortisol, and leptin levels in blood samples. As a result, it has been observed that high-dose vitamin C supplements administered orally are not an effective way to increase the vitamin C pool in the body.