Article Type: Original ArticleIntroduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder in women of reproductive age. Psychosocial factors can play a role in PCOS. Methods: To determine the psychosocial factors associated with PCOS in a case control study, 742 PCOS cases were compared to 798 women without PCOS for psychiatric disorders and social conditions. The data were collected using a validated questionnaire of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire (DSM-IV) was used to diagnose major psychopathological disorders and other depressive and anxiety syndromes. The suspected psychopathology was evaluated by a clinical psychiatrist. Results: There was a significant difference between cases and controls in education level (71.8% vs. 80.4%; (P<0.001), and employment status (60% vs. 53%; P=0.01) (respectively). Chronic anxiety (35.7% vs. 26.8%; P<0.001), depression (18.9% vs. 7.9 %; P<0.001), anxiety disorders (7.7% vs. 3.3%; P<0.001), and personality disorders (2.9% vs. 1.7%; P=0.01), were higher in the PCOS patients compared controls, respectively. Conclusion:The results showed that chronic anxiety and depression were the most pscycologic pattern in PCO patients. Lower educational level and unemployment were higher in the cases than controls.

Introduction Uterine fibroids are the most common female pelvic tumors occurring in about 15% to 30% of women in the reproductive age. In an epidemiologic study published in 2003 in the United States, 80% of black and nearly 70% of white women were demonstrated to have ultrasound evidence of leiomyomas (1). When fibroids are associated with symptoms such as menorrhagia, congestive dysmenorrhoea, urinary frequency, infertility, and recurrent pregnancy losses, surgical intervention is often indicated (2). To date, there have been many fertility sparing procedures which have been used to alleviate the symptoms and enhance the fertility in women with uterine fibroids. Procedures such as uterine artery embolization (3), myolysis (4), and laparoscopic myomectomy (5,6) have been used in the treatment of uterine fibroids. A number of trials have been carried out to assess the effectiveness and safety of interventions in reducing the blood loss during myomectomy (7). Such interventions include intramyometrial vasopressin (8), intravenous oxytocin (9), tourniquets (10), chemical dissection with sodium-2-mercapto ethane sulfonate (mesna) (11), and intramyometrial bupivacaine plus epinephrine (12). A study was conducted by Ragab and colleagues in 2014 in Saudi Arabia on 69 patients undergoing abdominal myomectomy. It was shown that the use of 400 µg of vaginal or oral misoprostol 60 minutes before myomectomy reduced intraoperative bleeding and operation time (13). Vasopressin has already been shown to decrease blood loss at the time of myomectomy (8,10). Misoprostol is now being used by obstetricians and gynecologists worldwide for the evacuation of the uterus for missed abortions, intrauterine deaths, induction of labor, and the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (14,15). Its popularity especially in developing countries such as Jamaica may be accounted for the fact that it is able to produce powerful uterine contractions and lead to a reduction in myometrial hemorrhage, while being inexpensive and easy to store. Contrary to a previous study in Turkey (14), we chose to investigate the use of misoprostol in a larger subset of patients in conjunction with oxytocin in a Persian population with a high incidence of myomectomies (8). This surgical procedure (myomectomy) involves a significant risk of hemorrhage (16). Different treatments have been proposed to reduce hemorrhage during myomectomy (17). Oxytocin administration reduces blood loss after delivery and this hormone is widely used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage (9). In this study, we compared the effectiveness of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol with intraoperative oxy-Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol with intraoperative oxytocin infusion in abdominal myomectomies. Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing abdominal myomectomies were divided into 2 groups. An hour before the operation, women in the misoprostol group (n = 35) received a single dose of vaginal misoprostol (400 μg); t...

Introduction Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies of the reproductive system in the world. It is the fourth most prevalent cancer after breast, lung and colorectal cancers and the eighth leading cause of death from cancer in women. The risk of EC during a woman's life is 2%-3% (1) and seems to be more with the development of obesity (2) and occurring at younger ages than previous (3). Ninety percent of uterine cancers arise from endometrium and are classified as endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC), 80% of which are low grade endometrioid cancer and are detected at lower stages of the disease. It has a good prognosis, is recognized as type I EC, and is usually diagnosed early due to bleeding after menopause. In contrast, type II, which includes the remaining 20%, shows other histological signs such as clear and serous cells. It develops with invasion with fast metastasis in the early stages of the disease and has a poor prognosis (2). 13%-17% of patients experience recurrence after treatment which often happens in the first 3 years. The 3-year survival following relapse is 73% for vaginal recurrence and less than 15% for recurrence in pelvis and other parts. In addition, relapse occurs in 60% of low-risk patients (with endometrioid histology and low grade or stage). Half of these patients develop extensive relapse and have poor prognosis (3). Although EC can be diagnosed at an early stage according to the common symptom of vaginal bleeding, its detection at more advanced stages is associated with poor prognosis (4). Given the high incidence of the disease, decreased age of diagnosis, and unfavorable prognosis in high-risk patients, it seems necessary to identify the high-risk patients before surgery and to perform disease screening using a tumor marker which can help to identify high-risk cases, to choose better surgical techniques and to increase survival. On the one hand, it may help prevent invasive surgery and increased mortality in patients with limited disease and assist in post-treatment follow-up and identification of recurrence. CA125 levels increase in many primary tumors such as ovarian, endometrial, colorectal, breast, and lung cancers.

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