Presidential debate is one of an interesting examples to be analyzed in terms of politeness strategies. This research analyzed the politeness strategies used by the presidential candidates of Indonesia in a presidential debate program during the election period in 2019. This research employed qualitative descriptive. The data were in the form of spoken utterances which were collected from the debate participants. The sources of the data in this research were the videos and transcripts of the second and the fourth presidential debates taken from youtube and google. The data were analyzed using data condensation, data displayed, drawing and verifying conclusion. The results of the research showed that the presidential candidates used several types of politeness strategies and realizations of politeness. There were four types of politeness strategies found in the debates; they were Bald-On Record, Positive Politeness, Negative Politeness, and Off Record. In realizations of politeness strategies, there were 30 sub-strategies realized in the second debate and 33 sub-strategies realized in the fourth debate. Positive Politeness was found as the dominant strategy since the candidates wanted to omit any gaps, give good sense, choose words selectively and convey their campaign.

This study is aimed at improving students’ speaking skill through Two Stay Two Stray Strategy. This study was a classroom action research. The subject of the research was the students of class X MIA-1 at SMA Teladan Sei Rampah consisting of 32 students. The research was conducted in two cycles consisting of three meetings in each. The instruments for collecting data were speaking test, observation sheet, diary notes and questionnaire. Based on the speaking test results, students’ scores kept improving in every test. On the orientation test, the mean score was 39.5. There were no students gaining score ≥ 75. In the first meeting of Cycle I, the mean score was 43. There were no students gaining score ≥ 75.  In the second meeting, the mean score was 47.3. There were no students gaining score ≥ 75. In the third meeting, the mean score was 49.36. There were no students gaining score ≥ 75. In the first meeting of Cycle II, the mean score was 57.5. The number of students gaining score ≥ 75 was 5 (15.6%). In the second meeting, the mean score was 72.78. The number of students gaining score ≥ 75 was 20 (62.5%). In the third meeting, the mean score was 82.30. The number of students obtaining score ≥ 75 was 30 (93.75%). Based on the observation sheet, diary notes, and questionnaire, it was revealed the learning process ran well. The students were active and enthusiastic in learning. Thus, Two Stay Two Stray Strategy can improve students’ speaking skill

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The objective of the study is to investigate if Reciprocal Teaching Method (RTM) significantly affects students' reading comprehension. This study was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of the study was the students of the eleventh grade at Madrasah Al Washliyah 12 Perbaungan academic year 2020-2021. The total number of students was 172. By applying cluster random sampling technique, two classes were selected as the sample namely XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 2. There were 36 students in each class. The experimental group was XI IPA 1 taught by employing Reciprocal Teaching Method (RTM) and the control group was XI IPA 2 taught without applying Reciprocal Teaching Method (RTM). The instrument for collecting the data was a multiple choice test consisting of 40 questions of analytical exposition text. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. It was found that t-observed value was higher than that of t-table (34.21 > 4.11) with degree of freedom df =58 at level significance α= 0.05. It means Ha was accepted and Ho was successfully rejected. Thus, Reciprocal Teaching Method (RTM) significantly affects students' reading comprehension.

The objective of this study is to find out whether Roundtable Strategy significantly affects students’ achievement in writing descriptive text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this research was the tenth grade students of SMK Dwi Tunggal Tanjung Morawa which consisted of two parallel classes with the total number of students was 70. By applying cluster random sampling technique, class X TKJ-2 consisting of 35 students was selected as the experimental group and class X TKJ-1 consisting of 35 students was selected as the control group. The instrument for collecting the data was writing test. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. It was found the value of t-observed was 3.15 with the degree of freedom (df)=58 at the level of significance α=0.05. It meant that t-observed value was higher than t-table value (3.15>2.00). In conclusion, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) was succesfully rejected. Thus, Roundtable Strategy significantly affects students’ achievement in writing descriptive text.