Entomopathogen is one of the biological agents that infects the insects and can damage the body's metabolic system of insects. This objective of the study were to determine the entomopathogenic activity of S. marcescens on mortality of coconut leaf beetles larvae (B. longissima), and the time needed to reach LT50. The study used an experimental method with 6 treatments of varying S.marcescens volumes, consisting of A (distilled water as a control), B (5 ml), C (7.5 ml), D (10 ml), E (12.5 ml), and F (15 ml) with 4 replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Probit LT50 test. The results showed that the volume of S.marcescens had an effect on mortality of coconut leaf beetle B. longissimi larvae. The best mortality rate at treatment E is 78% with the value of LT50 in treatment F is 42.15 hours. S.marcescens has entomopathogenic activity in coconut leaf beetles (B. longissima) Gestro larvae.

Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa L.) is one of ligneous tree that is abundantly found in Timor island, East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. Kesambi is known as an important component in local smoked meat home industry. Kesambi is also a promising natural source for the production of biodiesel. Application of three lipolytic fungi that is isolated from kesambi seeds and the use kesambi seeds flour as medium for indigenous lipase synthesis (Aspergillus niger M1407 lipase) by Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) showed good result for lipase and biodiesel industry development. This study aimed to characterize biodiesel synthesis using indigenous lipase from kesambi seeds. Experiments were carried out through five stages namely: oil extraction from kesambi seeds, purification of kesambi oil (degumming), extraction of A. niger M1407 lipase, trans-esterification and esterification activity of A. niger M1407 lipase assay and characterization of biodiesel. Biodiesel synthesis using A. niger M1407 lipase through esterification reaction produced biodiesel with an average acid number of 0.33 and 0.40 mg/g, water content 9.52 % and 10.47 % and density 0.7 g/mL. Biodiesel obtained from kesambi oil has lower acid numbers and densities but higher water content compared to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) value. Optimalization of the biodiesel kesambi oil synthesis could be done through adjusting ethanol and kesambi oil ratio and also by reducing water as a by-product of esterification reaction

Arbila beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is one of the genetic resources of East Nusa Tenggara. It has not been optimally utilized. It is, therefore, necessary to produce food products that have good economic value to increase people's purchasing power. Yogurt is one of them. The purposes of this study were to determine the process of making yogurt from Arbila beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.), to obtain a profile of Arbila bean yogurt with the right composition, and to analyze its nutritional content, panelists' preference and safety for consumption observed from the coliform test results. The method used in this study was the experimental method carried out in four stages; 1) the making of Arbila bean yogurt in four treatments; Control (10% plain biocule), A1 (20% of plain biocule), A2 (30% of plain biocule), A3 (45% of plain biocule); 2) proximate test; 3) organoleptic test; 4) coliform test. The results of the proximate analysis indicated that the highest protein content of 4.32% was found in yogurt A3, while the highest carbohydrate content was 12.45% and the lowest fat was 0.32% in A1 yogurt. Organoleptic test results indicated that the highest preference for panelists in Arbila bean yogurt A3. Coliform test results showed negative results for the presence of Escherichia coli in all treatments. Therefore, Arbila bean yogurt with the composition of A3 (45% of plain biocule) is recommended as a good Nabati yogurt made of soya.

Biodiesel merupakan salah satu jenis bahan bakar diesel alternatif  yang ramah  lingkungan, dapat diperbaharui dan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pengganti solar/diesel. Minyak jelantah berpotensi sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel karena mengandung trigliserida dan asam lemak bebas yang dapat dikonversi menjadi metil ester. Umumnya pembuatan biodiesel dihasilkan melalui reaksi esterifikasi,dan transesterifikasi dengan menggunakan katalis kimia dan biologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan biodiesel menggunakan minyak jelantah dengan biokatalis ekstrak kasar lipase biji kesambi. Tahapan  penelitan yaitu, pemurnian  minyak jelantah, isolasi ekstrak kasar enzim lipase, analisis aktivitas hidrolisis, uji aktivitas transesterifikasi, hidrolisis minyak uji aktivitas esterifikasi, reaksi esterifikasi, pemisahan biodiesel, dan karaterisasi biodiesel. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan  pada uji aktivitas transesterifikasi dilakukan dengan uji regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh yaitu densitas 0,8605 g/cm2, viskositas 1.397 mm2/s dan angka asam 0,65 mgKOH/g. Dengan demikian, pembuatan biodiesel minyak jelantah menggunakan biokatalis ekstrak kasar lipase perlu dilakukan dalam upaya pengembangan produksi biodiesel dengan memanfaatan biji kesambi sebagai biokatalis.

Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa L.) is one of ligneous tree that is abundantly found in Timor island, East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. Kesambi is known as an important component in local smoked meat home industry. Kesambi is also a promising natural source for the production of biodiesel. Application of three lipolytic fungi that is isolated from kesambi seeds and the use kesambi seeds flour as medium for indigenous lipase synthesis (Aspergillus niger M1407 lipase) by Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) showed good result for lipase and biodiesel industry development. This study aimed to characterize biodiesel synthesis using indigenous lipase from kesambi seeds. Experiments were carried out through five stages namely: oil extraction from kesambi seeds, purification of kesambi oil (degumming), extraction of A. niger M1407 lipase, trans-esterification and esterification activity of A. niger M1407 lipase assay and characterization of biodiesel. Biodiesel synthesis using A. niger M1407 lipase through esterification reaction produced biodiesel with an average acid number of 0.33 and 0.40 mg/g, water content 9.52 % and 10.47 % and density 0.7 g/mL. Biodiesel obtained from kesambi oil has lower acid numbers and densities but higher water content compared to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) value. Optimalization of the biodiesel kesambi oil synthesis could be done through adjusting ethanol and kesambi oil ratio and also by reducing water as a by-product of esterification reaction.