Listening to music while in the recovery room may decrease the level of anxiety in surgical patients receiving spinal anesthesia. The results of this study can serve as a reference for PACU nurses in utilizing music listening programs to achieve the goal of holistic care.

Aims and objectives To develop the newly designed thermal gown to test the effectiveness in relieving postoperative hypothermia as compared to traditional cotton cloth. Background Hypothermia is a common problem after spinal surgery. A patient's safety and comfort are significant. Currently, most research is focused on instruments that relieve a patient's hypothermia. Studies have rarely considered a patient's comfort while caring for their body temperature. Design This study employed an experimental design. The participants were assigned randomly to two groups: the experimental group (N = 50) and the control group (N = 50). Methods The experimental group received the newly designed thermal gown intervention. The control group received the standard postanaesthesia care unit re‐warming intervention. The material used to collect data included demographic data, postoperative management and comfort level. Nurses measured patients' vital signs and asked for patients' subjective comfort level on admission to the postanaesthesia care unit every 10 minutes until their discharge from the postanaesthesia care unit. Result The accumulated percentage for thermal gown group patients in reaching 36 °C during the first 20 minutes of admission was significantly higher than that of the cotton cloth group. The thermal gown group individuals showed significantly higher comfort levels (score = 4) at 10 minutes, when compared to the cotton cloth group. Conclusion Results suggested that the newly designed thermal gown had effectively improved postoperative temperature and comfort level with an evidence‐based intervention. Relevance to clinical practice Maintaining a patient's body temperature is a major task for nurses working in the post‐anaesthesia care unit. With the newly designed thermal gown, the duration of a patient's stay in the postanaesthesia care unit was shortened and the patient's comfort was increased.

In order to enable frequency-division duplex (FDD) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, a beam-grouping, precoding and feedback scheme is proposed to reduce the downlink training overhead and channel state information (CSI) feedback overhead. When the number of transmit antennas on a base station (BS) is growing large, the downlink training overhead for CSI estimation and the CSI feedback overhead are growing tremendously. In addition to the downlink training overhead, simulation results show that the proposed method is able to reduce the feedback overhead without sacrificing the downlink achievable information rate (AIR). Furthermore, the proposed method has a lower computation complexity comparing with other methods in the recent literature.

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This paper analyzes the performance bounds of a wireless relay system consisting of several relay stations working on both amplifier-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) protocols. We want to study the outage probability behavior of the proposed mixed AF and DF relay systems under independent Nakagami-m fading channels. In particular, we will derive the lower and upper bounds of outage probability of the mixed AF and DF relay systems based on maximal ratio combining diversity reception. The results give optimal configuration of AF and DF relays under a specific channel condition, thus helping us to design an optimized mixed AF and DF relay system in a generic fading environment. The trade-off between complexity and performance is discussed in this paper. In addition, we will use computer simulations to verify the effectiveness of the proposed mixed AF and DF relay configurations. Finally, the power allocation issues for such a mixed AF and DF relay system will also be discussed.