The stonefly Suwallia bimaculata belongs to the Chloroperlidae. The mitogenome of S. bimaculata was sequenced and annotated, the new representative of the complete mitogenome of the genus Suwallia . The entire genome of S. bimaculata is 16,125 bp totally with an A + T content of 68.5%, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a 1,210 bp control region. All genes have the similar locations and strands with that of other published species of Plecoptera. Most PCGs use typical start/stop codon, whereas ND5 use GTG as start codon. And, COII and ND5 stopped with incomplete terminaton signal T. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Bayesian (BI) method and Maximum-likelihood (ML) methods based on 13 protein-coding genes and two ribosomal RNAs showed that S. bimaculata was the sister group to Suwallia teleckojensis and the clade Suwallia was closely to four perlodid species. More chloroperlid data was needed for further study of phylogeny in Chloroperlidae.

Claasseniini is the apparent sister group to all the other groups of Perlidae, and the small tribe Claasseniini has only one genus includes 12 species in the world. Only five mitochondrial genomes in the Perlinae have previously been reported. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of Claassenia sp. Wu in genus Claassenia for the first time. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 15,774 bp, and the DNA base composition is 34.0% A, 27.4% T, 25.6% C and 13.0% G. The whole genome contains 37 genes and one control region, which is similar to other published stoneflies. All PCG started with ATN except CCG for COI gene, TTG for ND1 gene, GTG for ND4 and ND5 genes. The termination codon of 11 PCGs used the normal complete codon TAA or TAG, and the COII and ND5 genes were terminated by a single T. All tRNAs except tRNA Ser(AGN) fold into a classic clover structure. The phylogenetic tree by Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) methods supported that Claassenia sp. was the basal taxa of the Perlidae clade. This study provides new data for further mitochondrial genome study on the Perlidae. ARTICLE HISTORY

Flavoperla is a small genus in Acroneuriinae, which was established by Chu but was treated as a synonym for a long time until Uchida and Harper recognized Flavoperla as a valid genus. This genus includes 15 species in the world now, including six species from China. Here, we sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genome of Flavoperla sp. under the next-generation sequence technology, the first representative of Genus Flavoperla. The complete mitochondrial genome of Flavoperla sp. is 15,796 bp in length with an A þ T content of 68.3% showed a positive AT-skew (0.037) and a negative GC-skew (À0.262). The gene order and organization of the mitochondrial genome is consistent with other stoneflies. The control region had the highest A þ T content. Eleven PCGs started with the typical codon (ATN), the remaining PCGs started with TTG (ND1and ND5). All PCGs terminated with TAA/TAG, except COII and ND5 used single T. The phylogenetic tree by maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) methods supported that Flavoperla sp. was the sister group to Niponiella limbatella.

We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of a stonefly, Amphinemura claviloba (Wu, 1973), of the family Nemouridae (Insecta: Plecoptera). The mitogenome was 15,707 bp long and contained typical 37 genes with an A+T content of 68.5%. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) use standard initiation codons (methionine and isoleucine), except ND1 and ND5 which starts with TTG and GTG, respectively. Two of the 13 PCGs harbor the incomplete termination codon. All tRNA genes have typical clover secondary structures, except the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm of tRNASer(AGN) forms a simple loop. Secondary structure models of the ribosomal RNA genes of A. claviloba are similar to those proposed for other insects. We also found some structural elements in the control region, such as tandem repeats, poly-C stretch and microsatellite-like elements, etc. Phylogenetic analyses showed the clades for the Nemoura, Amphinemura, and (Mesonemoura + Sphaeronemoura + Indonemoura + Protonemura) are well supported in a polytomy.

One new mitochondrial genome of Indonemoura auriformis from the family Nemouridae (Insecta: Plecoptera) was sequenced in the study. The mitochondrial genome has the length of 15,718 bp, encoding 37 genes: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The whole nucleotide composition biased adenine and thymine with A þ T accounting for 69.9%. Nine PCGs and 14 tRNA genes are encoded in the J chain, the other four PCGs, eight tRNAs, and two rRNA genes are encoded in the chain of N. The mitochondrial genome includes 13 gene overlaps and 12 intergenic spacers. Most PCGs strictly use the ATN as start codon, and terminate with traditional stop codon (TAA and TAG). Except the tRNA Ser(AGN) seems to lack dihydrogen glycine arm, all tRNA genes of the mitochondrial genome are the typical clover secondary structure. The phylogenetic tree of PCGs dataset based on bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analysis show the same tree topology. Both ML and BI analysis support the sister-group relationship between Amphinemuria and Nemoura. Meanwhile, Capniidae is closely related to Taeniopterygidae.