Pioglitazone Hydrochloride (PG) is an insulin‐sensitizing drug and is indicated for the treatment of type II diabetes. In this study, newly molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors were constructed for the potentiometric determination of PG in the pharmaceutical formulations (Diabetonorm® 45 and 15 mg) with high accuracy and precision. The MIP particles (ionophore) were prepared by using the PG drug as a template, acrylamide (AC) or methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimthacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross‐linker. The best MIP was synthesized from AC as a functional monomer, AC‐MIP. The best sensor (CPEs) was formulated from graphite (47 wt%) as a carbon source, AC‐MIP (5 wt.%) as an ionophore, PMA (1 wt%) as an ion‐exchanger, DNPOE (47 wt.%) as a conductive oil so‐called plasticizer. The best CPE electrode exhibited response slope to the Nernstian slope of 63.0 mV Decade−1, linear dynamic range of 10−8–10−4 M with the detection limit of 1.0×10−8 M, along with high reversibility, short response time 30 sec, and a long lifetime. The constructed biosensors showed high selectivity against similar interfering species (e. g. arabinose, galactose, lactose, maltose, glucose, Ba2+, Cu2+, Na+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Ca2+, NH4+).

IVH may be administered orally twice per day for treating heart failure, sinus rhythm, heart-related chest pain and angina pectoris; its overdose may cause problems as blurred vision, uncontrolled blood pressure, prolonged bradycardia, and others.

The development of miniaturized microchips has widespread and growing interest in manufacturing potentiometric sensors with extremely valuable modifying response characteristics. In this context, here, we demonstrate microfabrication, electrochemical evaluation, and analytical applications of disposable thin-film potentiometric microsensors responsive to terbinafine antifungal medication. Miniaturized microchips have been realized by integration of the sensitive layer membrane modified by carbon nanotubes onto the surface of the plastic screen-printed microchip support using a new approach, which has been recently developed. The sensitive membrane comprises terbinafine HCl: ammonium heptamolybdate complex ion pair as ionophore, o-nitrophenyl octyl ether as a solvent mediator, potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate as an anion excluder, and polyvinyl chloride as support. The microsensor based on this plasticised sensitive membrane provides the Nernstian response and covers a wide concentration range of terbinafine of 10−8–10−2 mole·L−1. The merits offered by the elaborated terbinafine microchip over the bulk-based electrode include reasonable sensitivity (58.5 mV/concentration decade), fast response time (∼30 s.), long-term stability (4 months), integration, and automation feasibility. Furthermore, microfabricated terbinafine chips were successfully applied to the measurements of the investigated medication in some real samples with high accuracy (96.9%) and precision (<3%).

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A novel potentiometric microelectrode incorporating a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was fabricated, characterized, and successfully applied to the recognition and quantification of the drug, metronidazole benzoate. The elaborated MIP-based sensor was realized by thermal polarization, using metronidazole benzoate as the template material, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidine (VP) as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linking agent in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. The MIP-based sensor exhibited a super-Nernstian response (61.5 ± 0.5, mV/decade) covering the linear concentration range of 1 × 10−8–1 × 10−3 mole L−1 of metronidazole benzoate with a fast response time (≤10, s.) and detection limit of 7 × 10−9 mole L−1. The microchip showed high selectivity toward the template drug molecule in the presence of many investigated interfering species. The chip electrode was successfully used in the quantification of metronidazole benzoate in some real biological samples with high accuracy (recovery, 95.4%) and precision (RSD, 1.5). Moreover, the merits offered by the elaborated MIP-based MB microchip assembly include small size, miniaturization, integration, and consequently, automation feasibility.