Abstract:The world tourism industry suffered some severe losses as a result of a series of major international events and the magnitude of disaster/catastrophic risks has become a major topic of discussion for a sustainable tourism especially in the insurance industry. Risk management in the tourism context refers to the planning and implementation of processes directed towards managing the adverse effects of crises and disasters/catastrophes on tourism. The sustainability of a tourism destination is significantly influenced by its ability to adapt to changing market conditions, use resources efficiently and deliver innovative planning and development strategies about risk management. The aim of this paper is to consider the key elements of crises and disasters and their effects upon tourism destinations, and to provide background on risk management processes for sustainable tourism.
Çalışmada BİST30 endeksinde yer alan hisse senetlerinin getirileri kullanılarak bir portföy oluşturulmuş, Finansal Varlık Fiyatlama Modeli aracılığıyla, söz konusu portföyün riski ölçümlenmiştir. Daha sonra hisse senetlerinin riski toplam piyasa riskinden arındırılarak risk ayrıştırması yapılmış, böylece hem portföy hem de her bir hisse senedi için sistematik ve sistematik olmayan risk tutarları belirlenmiştir.
In recent years and global financial crisis period, oil prices are characterized by high volatilities. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the comparative performance of volatility models and to reveal the effects of global financial crisis on volatility by using daily returns of crude oil prices. According to the sample periods, the results of models highlight that APGARCH and FIAPGARCH models with Student-t and Skewed Student-t distributions best fit oil prices. Furthermore, when considering the global financial crisis, the results show that the crude oil prices are characterized by high volatilities and have long memory effects, as expected.
Keywords: Crude Oil, Volatility, Asymmetry, Long Memory.
JEL Classification Codes : C22, C52, Q43.
ÖzSon yıllarda ve küresel finansal kriz döneminde, petrol fiyatları yüksek oynaklık düzeyleriyle nitelendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ham petrol fiyatlarının günlük getirilerini kullanarak oynaklık modellerinin karşılaştırmalı performansını değerlendirmek ve küresel krizin oynaklık üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Farklı örneklem dönemleri dikkate alındığında, modellerin tahmin sonuçları petrol fiyatlarının en uygun biçimde Student-t ve Çarpık Student-t dağılımlı APGARCH ve FIAPGARCH modelleriyle yorumlandığını vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, küresel finansal kriz göz önüne alındığında sonuçlar, beklendiği gibi ham petrol fiyatlarının yüksek oynaklıklarla nitelendirildiğini ve uzun hafıza etkilerine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.
In this study, the performances of three public banks operating in Turkey were analysed by using Entropy and WASPAS methods of multi-criteria decision-making techniques with the data provided from the basic financial statements for 2012-2016 period. According to the results obtained in the study, the best performance for the years 2012 and 2013 belongs to Türkiye Vakıflar Bankası T.A.O., while the best performing public bank for the years 2014, 2015 and 2016 is Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ziraat Bankası A.Ş..
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