Each language has its own characteristics, which can be seen by the interrogative construction themselves. Polar interrogative construction in Japanese will be discussed in this research. The research is kind of qualitative reasearch by using descriptive method. The data of the research is the polar interrogative construction consisted in the textbooks minnano nihongo shokyuu I and nameraka nihongo kaiwa. The theory of interrogative construction by Seimund (2011) was used as the theory in this research. The results of the research showed that the finding of polar interrogative construction was formed by the intonation, the addition of interrogative particle, and the interrogative tag. Meanwhile, the polar interrogative construction formed by the change of constituent order, verbal inflection, and disjunction was not found. The finding of polar interrogative construction in the textbook minna no nihongo shokyuu I is dominated by the polar interrogative construction which is formed by the adding of interrogative particle, while in the textbook nameraka nihongo kaiwa is dominated by the polar interrogative construction which is formed by the intonation. Abstrak Setiap bahasa memiliki karakteristik tersendiri. Karakteristik tersebut dapat dilihat dari konstruksi interogatifnya. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai konstruksi interogatif polar dalam bahasa Jepang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah konstruksi interogatif polar yang terdapat dalam bukuMinna No Nihongo Shokyuu I, Nameraka Nihongo Kaiwa,dan komikOremonogatariChapter1karangan Kazune Kawahara danAruko.Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori konstruksi interogatif Siemund (2001). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah konstruksi interogatif polar yang wujud terbentuk dari intonasi, penambahan partikel interogatif,dan taginterogatif. Sementarakonstruksi interogatif polar yang terbentuk dengan perubahan urutan konstituen, infleksi verbal dan disjungsi tidak ditemukan. Konstruksi interogatif polar yang wujud dalam buku Minna No Nihongo Shokyuu I dankomikOremonogatariChapter 1 didominasi oleh konstruksi interogatif polar yang terbentuk dari penambahan partikel interogatif,sementara pada buku Nameraka Nihongo Kaiwadidominasi oleh konstruksi interogatif polar yang terbentuk dari intonasi.

This descriptive study identifies the variation of Acehnese in sociolinguistic reviews by identifying the variations in terms of language spoken, usage, formality as well as a mean of communication. To understand the Acehnese variations in sociolinguistic reviews, a series of techniques were applied such as understanding the language spoken, reading the text, and speaking to the speaker of Acehnese. The results indicate that there are seven variations of the language in the perspective of speakers and six variations were identified in the Acehnese language, i.e. idiolect, dialect, sociolect, acrolect, basilect, and slang. While the crolect variation was not identified. In the perspective of language use, there are four variations with three identified; the variety of literature, journalism (non-productive), and a variety of scientific (non-productive). While the military variety is not identified. In the perspective of language formality, there are five variations i.e. frozen (non- productive) variety, official (unproductive) variety, consultative variety, casual variety, and familiar variety are all identified. In the perspective of means of communication, there are two variations, namely wide variety of oral and writing are both identified. The existence of identified and unidentified variations of language indicates that the language of Aceh has been abandoned by speakers.

Mandarin and Hokkien Chinese are well known having a tight kinship in a language family. Beside, Japanese also has historical relation with China in the eld of language and cultural development. Japanese uses Chinese characters named kanji with certain phonemic vocabulary adjustment, which is adapted into Japanese. This phonemic adjustment of kanji is called Kango. This research discusses about the kinship of Mandarin, Hokkien Chinese in Indonesia and Japanese Kango with lexicostatistics review. The method used is quantitative with lexicostatistics technique. Quantitative method nds similar percentage of 100-200 Swadesh vocabularies. Quantitative method with lexicostatistics results in a tree diagram of the language genetics. From the lexicostatistics calculation to the lexicon level, it is found that Mandarin Chinese (MC) and Japanese Kango (JK) are two different languages, because they are in a language group (stock) (29%); (2) JK and Indonesian Hokkien Chinese (IHC) are also two different languages, because they are in a language group (stock) (24%); and (3) MC and IHC belong to the same language family (42%).

The communication process involving a code mixing is an alternative to avoid misunderstandings in a bilingual community, a community having the phenomenon of speaking and understanding two or more languages, referring either to individuals or the entire society. This study aims to analyze the forms of code mixing using qualitative method. The data were obtained from recording of conversational discourse. The data collection strategy used the referral method, supported by basic techniques, namely tapping and advanced techniques, the skillful in-flight listening technique (SBLC). The results show that there are code mixing with the insertion of morphological elements in forms of nouns, numerals, verbs (infinitive and conjugation), adverbs (question and time), and adjectives;   the insertion of phrase in terms of noun phrases (objects and numerals), verb phrases, and adverb phrases); the insertion of clause in the forms of noun clauses, numeral clauses, verb clauses, and adverb clauses; and the insertion of idiomatic forms.  Code mixing of students of French language is also found in English language.

AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tentang campur kode yang terjadi dalam masyarakat bilingual seperti di kalangan warga keturunan Jepang Indonesia di kota Medan. Campur kode bahasa Jepang di dalam bahasa Indonesia tersebut sangat sulit dihilangkan. Hal ini disebabkan karena warga keturunan memiliki dua bahasa ibu yaitu bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jepang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualiatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik angket dan catat. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar campur kode yang terjadi di kalangan warga keturunan Indonesia-Jepang, diperlukan sebanyak 20 orang sebagai informan warga keturunan Indonesia-Jepang. Hasil yang diperoleh dari angket yang dibagikan, campur kode bentuk leksikal sebanyak 75%, campur kode bentuk frasa sebanyak 8,3% dan campur kode bentuk klausa sebanyak 16,7%. Untuk mengurangi terjadinya campur kode di kalangan warga keturunan Indonesia-Jepang tersebut, diperlukan suatu pemberdayaan bahasa Indonesia. Salah satu bentuk pemberdayaan tersebut adalah menanamkan rasa prestise (bangga) dan loyalitas terhadap penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di kalangan warga keturunan Jepang Indonesia. Dengan loyalitas itu, bahasa Indonesia akan diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi. Selain itu, menjadikan bahasa Indonesia menjadi bahasa pengantar di lingkungan warga keturunan Indonesia-Jepang dan juga dalam upacara-upacara yang berhubungan dengan budaya. Kata kunci : campur kode, warga keturunan, pemberdayaan  AbstractThis research elaborates the code mixing occurs in bilingual society of Japanese Indonesian descendents in Medan city. Japanese code mixing in bahasa Indonesia is difficult to avoid. This is due to the situation where the Japanese Indonesian descendants have two mother tongues: Indonesian and Japanese. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The technique of collecting data used was questionnaire and note taking. In order to reveal the sheer of code mixing occurs amongst Indonesian Japanese descendants, 20 informants were required. The result obtained from the distributed questionnaires reveals that lexical code mixing is 75%, phrase code mixing is 8, 3% and clause code mixing is 16, 7%. In order to reduce the code mixing amongst the Indonesian-Japanese descendants, the empowerment of bahasa Indonesia is urgently required. One of the empowerments is by instilling the prestige and allegiance toward the use of bahasa Indonesia amongst Indonesian Japanese descendants. With the allegiance, bahasa Indonesia will eventually bestowed upon generation to generation. Besides that, utilizing bahasa Indonesia to become the medium of instruction within the environment of Indonesian Japanese descendants and in cultural ceremonies will also assist to empower bahasa Indonesia within the Indonesian Japanese descendants society in Medan.  Key words: code mixing, Japanese descendants, empowerment