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During a screen for compounds that could inhibit cell proliferation, a series of new tubulin-binding compounds was identified with the discovery of oxadiazoline 1 (A-105972). This compound showed good cytotoxic activity against non-multi-drug-resistant and multi-drug-resistant cancer cell lines, but its utility in vivo was limited by a short half-life. Medicinal chemistry efforts led to the discovery of indolyloxazoline 22g (A-259745), which maintained all of the in vitro activity seen with oxadiazoline 1, but also demonstrated a better pharmacokinetic profile, and dose-dependent in vivo activity. Over a 28 day study, indolyloxazoline 22g increased the life span of tumor-implanted mice by up to a factor of 3 upon oral dosing. This compound, and others of its structural class, may prove to be useful in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents to treat human cancers.

ABT-773 is a novel ketolide effective against antibacterial-resistant respiratory tract pathogens. The pharmacokinetic profile of ABT-773 was studied in rats and consisted of a mean peak concentration in plasma of 1.07 g/ml and an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 12.03 g ⅐ h/ml when the compound was delivered at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight. It concentrated in rat lung tissue, with a lung tissue-to-plasma ratio of 29 based on the AUC. In acute systemic infections in mice, ABT-773 showed efficacy against macrolidesusceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and Listeria monocytogenes. Additionally, ABT-773 improved the survival of mice infected with resistant S. pneumoniae containing either the ermB gene, the mefE gene, or altered penicillin binding protein genes. In a rat lung model of infection, ABT-773 demonstrated 50% effective doses lower than those of comparator macrolides when evaluated against the following strains of S. pneumoniae: a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B-susceptible strain, an ermB strain, and an mefE strain. ABT-773 was also effective against Haemophilus influenzae lung infections in rats. Thus, ABT-773 may prove to be a useful new antibacterial agent for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.