A study is made of single collisions of keV-energy Ne ions with Ne atoms wherein both particles scattered from the same encounter are detected in coincidence. The charge states m of the scattered incident particle and n of the recoiling target particle are determined. The relative probability of the (m,n) reaction and the associated inelastic energy loss are measured as to their dependence upon the scattering angles and the incident energy TV The statistical model proposed by Everhart and Kessel is used to analyze the data. At the higher energies (To from 150 to 400 keV), a double structure is found in the values of inelastic energy loss. This structure is attributed to a iT-shell vacancy found with low probability in some of the neon particles after the collision. The expected Auger electrons are detected and found to have 750-eV energy.

In close encounters of the systems Ne-Ne, Ne + -Ne, and Ne ++ -Ne, electrons of 750-eV energy are produced. The numbers of such fast electrons are found to depend upon the charge state of the incident particle (0,+l, or +2) in the ratio of 0.6, 1.0, and 2.0, respectively. This agrees in part with a prediction by Lichten. In Kr + -Kr collisions, there is a sudden change in the average number of electrons lost for 9° scattering at 25-keV incident energy.Previous studies have shown that 200-keV Ne + ions incident upon neon gas cause ejection of 750-eV electrons . l > 2 Coincidence measurements 3 at the same energy showed that there are two distinct values of the average inelastic energy loss Q, one at 710 eV and the other at 1550 eV, for the reaction Ne + + Ne^Ne 5+ +Ne 3+ + 7e (1) with the scattering angle 6 set at 8°. These two results suggested 3 that a K-shell vacancy can be created by such collisions. Lichten 4 drew energy-level diagrams for the Ne-Ne system and made a qualitative explanation in terms of a K-shell promotion mechanism. He predicted that the number of fast electrons should be dependent upon the charge of the incident neon, in the ratio of 0, 1, and 2 for Ne, Ne + , and Ne ++ , respectively.Our experiment is performed to check Lichten's prediction. Here Ne, Ne + , and Ne ++ of 200-keV energy are sent through neon gas. Previously described apparatus and procedures 5 are used to make a (noncoincident) energy analysis of the resulting fast electrons and later to determine (with coincidence methods) the Q values at 10° scattering. Figure 1(a) shows the electron energy distributions, normalized to the same incident-particle flux per unit target gas density, for the three different cases. The data are taken with electrons scattered at 95° to the incident direction, this angle chosen to prevent scattered neons from reaching the detector and to limit Doppler broadening (see Ref.

Coincidence measurements of large-angle collisions have been made for the reaction 4.ffl+ W+

In collisions of Kr + ions with Kr atoms at keV energies, both particles from the same encounter are recorded in coincidence. The charge states m of the scattered particle and n of the recoil particle are measured, and the relative probability of such an (m, n) event is determined, together with the inelastic energy loss associated with that event. These data are analyzed using the statistical model of Everhart and Kessel. This model, which assumes m and n to be statistically independent of each other, fits the data fairly well. Ionization potentials for Kr +5 through Kr +9 are estimated from the data curves as interpreted by the statistical model. There is an active region in the Kr + -Kr data at 25-keV incident energy and 9° scattering where the inelastic energy changes suddenly, and other anomalous effects are found. This is compared and contrasted with active regions previously found in Ne + -Ne and Ar + -Ar data.

We present a new method for adding a voice track to either educational or training computer programs. The voice track is prerecorded and played back on a standard cassette recorder. A problem with tape recorders has, in the past, been a lack of synchronization between the computer-generated screen and the tape recorder output. We have developed a low cost controller which interfaces the tape recorder and also provides the required synchronization. We explain how the controller is used within a computer program and describe the controller's components. This new method of providing a voice track offers several advantages over methods involving voice synthesizers.