Tools for crushing of undesirable advance growth and mulching wood are subjected to heavy wear in operation with the need for their frequent replacement shortly after deployment. It is important to address the problem of their wear due to price of tools, as well as the time necessary for their replacement. Tool life is shortened because of deformation taking place due to the loss of wolfram-carbide (WC) tips, what is an undesirable phenomenon. Solutions for increasing the tool lifetimes were designed on the basis of analysis of wear mechanisms that cause this deformation. Furthermore, effect of deformed layer was evaluated by measuring hardness and microhardness. It was found that there was a strain hardening the surface due to cyclic loading. Size and extent of deformation of the entire tool with the loss of material on the functional part were documented using an optical scanning sensor system. Effect of the deformation on the material structure change, as well as topography and extent of surface area affected by abrasive wear under impact loads, were assessed by means of light and electron scanning microscopy. On the basis of these analyses, an option for increasing the lifetime of exposed areas on the tool by application of hardfacing to increase the tool wear resistance was proposed. Prerequisite for extending their work lifetime in the field is creation of a sufficient coarse layer or multiple layers of wear resistant material at specific tool areas.

This article describes an experiment aimed at monitoring of the oil condition and machine wear mode used in hydraulic system of handling line Baljer & Zembrod by Tribotechnical diagnostics methods. The experiment lasted for one year, five oil sample were taken during this period and evaluated their qualitative properties. By oil analysis were evaluated the physical-chemical analysis: viscosity at 40 °C, water content and Total Acid Number. This oil analysis further includes FTIR analysis for monitoring of degradation products in oil; monitoring of oil contamination for determine the level of contamination and number of wear particles using with laser particle analyser and atomic emission spectroscopy for elemental analysis. Increased of oil contamination and increased content of wear metals as iron, chromium and copper were detected only in the 5th oil sample. Other monitored parameters were situated within the required tolerance at all time of the experiment. Based on the results of the oil analysis and for increased of thermal oxidative degradation products of the oil detected by FTIR analysis we recommend that the oil should be cleaning using with electrostatic filters when hydraulic oil will be exchanged.

The article is aimed at verifying the state of a real workplace using virtual reality. In analyzing the readiness of virtual reality applications, augmented reality was selected for the following work. The most significant advantage of augmented reality is the implementation of a virtual model and the ability to deal with the analysis in a real environment, which is particularly beneficial in the case of production plants. In the first phase of the work, an analysis of the current state of the workplace was carried out, where the requirements for the design of the new workplace were specified. This was followed by the phase of design preparation in 3D modeller. At this very stage it appeared to be advantageous to use virtual reality applications; in the design process, regular approval procedures are required as for an expert team (management, design, quality, ...), which puts high qualification requirements on the readiness of this team. In this phase, the 3D design of the new workplace was inserted into the application supported by augmented reality and some options were indicated to deal with the ergonomic and risk analysis. The result of this work is, in particular, an extension of options in designing and analyzing production workplaces and machinery in multidisciplinary teams.

Vast part of environment pollution is caused by the lubricants. Lubricants are mostly of mineral origin. They are toxic and not easily biodegradable. Transition to biodegradable oils involves several technical issues. During the operation of machines and equipment wear occurs due to formation of particles that pollute the lubricant fillings. Cleanliness of the oils in lubrication systems is an important prerequisite for maintaining the operating conditions of machines and equipment.The aim of this article is to evaluate distribution of wear particles of tested transmission oil samples via automatic laser particle counter and classifier LaserNet Fines-C which is highly accurate and a fully automated tribotechnical diagnostics device.

The article dealt with the assessment of the quality of hydraulic oil and determination of the mode of wear of the friction surfaces of Baljer & Zembrod manipulating lines through the information traces in the oils by applying tribotechnical diagnostics. We presented the assessment of the level of degradation of the oils. In addition, we presented the mode of wear of the friction surfaces washed in oil through evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the particles found in the oil. In detail, we focused on the application of suitable multivariate statistical methods on the data matrix. The article also presents predictive models that can sort oils into groups based on the assessment of quality of the oil and the state of the friction couples. The models can be used in research and in solving practical tasks in tribotechnical diagnostics of hydraulic fluids in woodworking equipment. Our results showed that the manipulation lines were greatly thermically stressed due to inadequate oil and machine maintenance. By correlative integration of all methods used, we could determine the real mode of the wear of the tribologic nodes of the machine. The experiment enabled the early detection of an undesirable process in the tribological node and implementation of corrective measures before the machine would break down.