Ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA) was used to analyze five biologically active polyphenolic compounds (catechin, epicatechin, rutin, trans-resveratrol, and quercetin) in different types of wine available in the Polish market. The results showed that the major polyphenols in chosen wines were catechin and epicatechin, the minor polyphenol was trans-resveratrol. The use of UPLC system allowed a shorter run time of up to six times in comparison with the conventional HPLC system. Total polyphenols were analyzed according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method using gallic acid as a standard and the results were presented as gallic acid equivalents. The wines were also analyzed for anthocyanins content using malvidin-3,5-diglucoside as a reference material in spectrophotometric analysis.

This study compared the effects of a proportionate spray volume (PSV) adjustment model and a fixed model (300 L/ha) on the infestation of processing tomato with potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) (PLB) and azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil residues in fruits in three consecutive seasons. The fungicides were applied in alternating system with or without two spreader adjuvants. The proportionate spray volume adjustment model was based on the number of leaves on plants and spray volume index. The modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method was optimized and validated for extraction of azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil residue. Gas chromatography with a nitrogen and phosphorus detector and an electron capture detector were used for the analysis of fungicides. The results showed that higher fungicidal residues were connected with lower infestation of tomato with PLB. PSV adjustment model resulted in lower infestation of tomato than the fixed model (300 L/ha) when fungicides were applied at half the dose without adjuvants. Higher expected spray interception into the tomato canopy with the PSV system was recognized as the reasons of better control of PLB. The spreader adjuvants did not have positive effect on the biological efficacy of spray volume application systems. The results suggest that PSV adjustment model can be used to determine the spray volume for fungicide application for processing tomato crop.

The study was conducted for the purpose of improving the application of fungicides against potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) (PLB) in processing tomato. The usability of coarse spray quality with double flat fan air induction IDKT12003 nozzle and the impact of fixed and variable spray volume and adjuvants during alternate application of azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil were analysed on the basis of plant infestation and fungicide residues. The variable spray volume was calculated based on the number of leaves on a plant. The study was conducted during three vegetation seasons. Spraying of plants with significantly flattened canopies during the peak of the fructification season using an IDKT12003 nozzle was as effective as in the case of fine spraying performed with an XR11003 nozzle and facilitated the increase of fungicides residue. In the case of plants with high-spreading canopy at the beginning of fructification, XR11003 nozzle favoured the reduction of PLB infestation. Both spray volume adjustment systems enabled the same level of protection of tomato against PLB, which could result from alternate application of systemic and contact fungicides. Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane adjuvant, which causes siginificant increase in wetting and droplet spreading, facilitated the reduction of tomato PLB infestation during the application of fungicides using an IDKT12003 nozzle.

In 2012, the Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute within the official control of pesticide residues tested samples of agricultural products originating from a primary production. The samples were taken randomly from domestic farms by inspectors of the Plant Health and Seed Inspection. The study comprised 236 compounds and 52 products. 1,302 samples were analysed, including 622 vegetable samples, 302 fruit samples, 356 cereal samples and 22 other product samples. Pesticide residues of 43 compounds were detected in 221 samples of 29 products. Residues of two or more pesticides were found in 4.6% of analysed samples. Pesticide residues were found in 30.1% of fruit samples, 17.5% of vegetable samples and 5.9% of cereal samples. Their presence was often observed in celeriac (57.1%), carrots (54.5%), gooseberries (50.0%), tomatoes (46.8%), sweet peppers (38.5%), apples (38.5%), strawberries (37.8%) and parsley roots (35.1%). Chlorpyrifos residues in carrots and Chinese cabbage, dithiocarbamates in pears, potatoes, currants, apples, strawberries, lettuce and tomatoes, chlorothalonil in tomatoes, captan in pears, boscalid in strawberries, linuron in parsley roots, azoxystrobin in tomatoes, cyprodinil and fludioxonil in strawberries were detected most frequently. The exceedances of the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) were found in 0.4% of the samples, while unauthorized substances in 2.2% of analysed samples.