BackgroundTo date, determinants of retirement timing have been studied separately within various disciplines, such as occupational health and economics. This narrative literature review explores the determinants of retirement timing in countries, and relevant domains among older workers from both an economic and occupational health perspective.MethodsA literature search was conducted using 11 databases. Longitudinal studies on determinants of retirement timing were included. Study inclusion criteria were as follows: full-text article written in English or Dutch, conducted in humans, main outcome was time until retirement (i.e. retirement date or retirement age), and longitudinal design. Next, the included articles were screened for hypotheses on retirement timing and these articles with hypotheses were subjected to a quality assessment. Determinants for retirement timing were classified into multiple domains by three researchers.ResultsThe literature search identified 20 articles. The determinants of retirement timing were classified into eight domains: demographic factors, health factors, social factors, social participation, work characteristics, financial factors, retirement preferences, and macro effects. In total, we identified 49 determinants, ranging from one (social, and retirement preferences) to 21 determinants (work characteristics) per domain.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that there is a wide range of determinants that influence retirement timing in modern industrialized countries and that these determinants differ between countries. We recommend that researchers include determinants from various domains when studying retirement timing, while taking into account a country’s context.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5983-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background: We investigated the impact of early-(E-CMV) and late onset (L-CMV)

regulation implied that the period of which the employer must pay full salary to the sick-listed employee before being compensated by the municipality "employer period", was extended from 21 days to 30 days. The longer employer period may have influenced how companies manage sickness absence, as well as hiring and firing procedures. The regulation may have had an effect on the dynamics of the labour market as a whole and to some extend in subgroups of certain exposure of occupational health if the regulation favours certain types of industries. In the present study we investigate to what extent such regulation impact the labour market affiliation as a whole and in the context of occupational health. Methods The labour market affiliation will be analysed by the use of the Danish Working Environment Cohort Study 2010, and the 2012 survey of the National Occupational and Health. Both surveys will be linked with the newly released register "Labour market accountant" (AMR) on salary and social payments. The labour marked affiliation will be analysed by a well-established Multi-state model containing five major stages with three trans durable stages; work, sickness absence, and unemployment, and two absorbing stages; disability pension, and early retirement scheme. The two surveys will make it possible to analyse the effect on the labour market affiliation before and after the regulation was initiated. Objective The Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI) established a cohort consisting of workers in six semiconductor-manufacturing companies to determine cancer incidence. The data gathered until 2014 revealed that 43 nonHodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases occurred. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of these cases. Methods In 2008, OSHRI established a cohort based on company personnel records and national cancer registration data that could be obtained from Statistics Korea on former and current workers of six semiconductor-manufacturing factories in South Korea since 1998. This study analysed the characteristics of NHL cases that occurred in this cohort. Results In the cohort, 43 NHL cases occurred. Of those cases, 23 were men and 20 were women. The highest incidence of 20 cases occurred in the workers in their 30 s. The years 1995-1999 and 2000-2004 were the most common time periods for entry into the company with 11 and 10 cases, respectively. The types of occupations included: 33 manufacturing workers, 7 non-manufacturing workers, and 3 who could not be precisely categorised. Poster PresentationConclusion Although NHL as an illness that is known to occur at a relatively old age, the prevalence of NHL among former and current semiconductor workers, occurring at a younger working age, may suggest causality based on occupation. As such, identifying their demographic characteristics is a necessary step towards identifying the occupational hazards in the semiconductor industry and the risk factors for development of NHL.

BackgroundAn increasing number of retirees continue to work beyond retirement despite being eligible to retire. As the prevalence of chronic disease increases with age, working beyond retirement may go along with having a chronic disease. Working beyond retirement may be different for retirees with and without chronic disease. We aim to investigate whether demographic, socioeconomic and work characteristics, health and social factors predict working beyond retirement, in workers with and without a chronic disease.MethodsEmployees aged 56–64 years were selected from the Study on Transitions in Employment, Ability and Motivation (N = 1125). Questionnaire data on demographic and work characteristics, health, social factors, and working beyond retirement were linked to registry data from Statistics Netherlands on socioeconomic characteristics. Separate prediction models were built for retirees with and without chronic disease using multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsWorkers without chronic disease were more likely to work beyond retirement compared to workers with chronic disease (27% vs 23%). In retirees with chronic disease, work and health factors predicted working beyond retirement, while in retirees without a chronic disease, work, health and social factors predicted working beyond retirement. In the final model for workers with chronic disease, healthcare work, better physical health, higher body height, lower physical load and no permanent contract were positively predictive of working beyond retirement. In the final model for workers without chronic disease, feeling full of life and being intensively physically active for > = 2 days per week were positively predictive of working beyond retirement; while manual labor, better recovery, and a partner who did not support working until the statutory retirement age, were negatively predictive of working beyond retirement.ConclusionsWork and health factors independently predicted working beyond retirement in workers with and without chronic disease, whereas social factors only did so among workers without chronic disease. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics did not independently contribute to prediction of working beyond retirement in any group. As prediction of working beyond retirement was more difficult among workers with a chronic disease, future research is needed in this group.

BackgroundThis study aims to provide insight into (1) the associations between having a chronic disease and participation in paid work, volunteer activities or informal care, (2) the associations between the onset of a chronic disease and these forms of societal participation, and (3) whether these associations differ across educational level and gender.MethodsThe study population consisted of n=21 875 respondents of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe aged between 50 years and the country-specific retirement age. The influence of having and the onset of a chronic disease on societal participation was analysed using a hybrid Poisson regression model, combining fixed and random effects, and presented by relative risks (RRs).ResultsIndividuals with a chronic disease were less likely to participate in paid work (RR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.71) and volunteer activities (RR: 0.92; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97), but more likely to give informal care (RR: 1.05; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08). Onset of a chronic disease was associated with a higher likelihood to quit paid work (RR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.97) and to give informal care (RR: 1.08; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.16). Lower educated individuals with a chronic disease or with the onset of a chronic disease were less likely to have paid work than higher educated individuals.ConclusionIndividuals with a chronic disease were less likely to participate in paid work and volunteer activities, and more likely to provide informal care. Educational inequalities were present for paid work. More insight into which factors hinder societal participation among individuals with a chronic disease is needed.