Field efficiency is a main factor for obtaining high productivity of agricultural machinery. The aim of this paper was to determine the field efficiency of KTP 2M and CASE IH 8000 sugarcane harvester machines, working with different lengths of cutting fronts. The research was carried out in the Panchito Gómez Toro area of production, belonging to Sugar Enterprise, Villa Clara, during February and March 2020. The main movement times of the harvester inside the field was obtained by stop watch, as well as the fuel consumption during the works. The influence of the length of the cutting fronts on the turning time, time for completing the task and field efficiency were determined according to the sugarcane yield. The results show that lengths of cutting front less than 300 m, represent greater losses in time and higher rate of fuel consumption.Lengths of cutting fronts greater than 500 m, do not represent an increase in field efficiency.
HighlightsOrganic cropping systems were less efficient in energy use.Sugarcane for seed was the highest energy input due to the consumption of 12 t ha-1 of seed.The second largest part of the energy input was the fuel consumed during mechanized operations.Abstract.Analysis of energy use efficiency provides an assessment of non-renewable energy consumption; it is a useful indicator of environmental and long-term sustainability when comparing cropping systems. This study aimed to estimate the energy use efficiency of organic and conventional cropping systems of sugarcane for sugar production in central Cuba. Estimation of the energy use efficiency included analysis of four cropping systems. The energy input in the field until harvest and transport to the sugar mill was the limit of this analysis. The results showed that organic cropping systems were less efficient in energy use because of the greater number of field operations, mainly for weed control by manual and mechanical cultivation. Organic cropping systems also had lower yield compared with conventional systems due to their use of low doses of organic products, instead of agrochemical fertilizers, for plant nutrition. In all cropping systems evaluated, sugarcane used for seed was the largest part of the energy input due to the consumption of 12 t ha-1 of seed, representing an average of 89% of the total energy input for the sugarcane cropping systems. The second largest part of the energy input was the fuel consumed during mechanized operations. Irrigation was the third largest part of the energy input for organic cropping systems and the second largest part of the energy input for conventional cropping systems. Keywords: Agricultural systems, Energy balance, Energy input, Energy output.
El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en realizar un análisis de la situación actual del mantenimiento centrado en la confiabilidad (RCM) en la industria, así como mostrar en forma detallada una metodología para su aplicación. Para complementar dicho objetivo se realizó un análisis bibliográfico, para lo cual se consultaron las principales bases de datos que contienen literatura especializada sobre esta temática, además se realizó un estudio histórico lógico del surgimiento y evolución de este tipo de gestión de mantenimiento. Los resultados, exponen las bases teóricas y fundamentan la gestión del mantenimiento centrada en la confiabilidad con respecto a los aspectos actuales, tradiciones y particularidades de la gestión eficiente del mantenimiento. Se detalló, además el procedimiento para la elaboración del análisis de modos y efectos de fallas (AMEF), mostrando que tanto el procedimiento RCM como la metodología AMEF son sistemáticos y parten de una secuencia lógica, orientada a priorizar los equipos y reducir los costos de la actividad de mantenimiento en la medida que se crea una confiabilidad operacional. Palabras clave: Confiabilidad, RCM, Mantenimiento, Gestión.
El estudio de la incidencia del desgaste y deformación de los elementos de cierre en las condiciones de operación de la industria es complejo, por lo que es necesario su investigación en las condiciones controladas de los bancos de pruebas. El objetivo del trabajo es realizar un diseño conceptual de un banco de pruebas para la evaluación de la calidad de cierre en latas de conserva circulares que son generalmente utilizadas por empresas dedicadas a la producción de conservas de atún. A partir de un diseño conceptual se estructura una variante de diseño funcional, segura y económica para el banco de pruebas, constituida por una transmisión de potencia por banda en V. Complementariamente se realizó un análisis de resistencia de los elementos de cierre, la selección de rodamiento y análisis de costo. De los resultados del análisis de resistencia, las tensiones máximas en el mandril se distribuyen en el labio que comprime la lata, para las rulinas las deformaciones máximas son de 1,75∙10^(-6) mm en la sección de los perfiles de cierre. El costo de fabricación es 827,87 USD al considerar la adquisición de materiales nuevos. El prototipo permite realizar el proceso de doble cierre de manera correcta y sencilla. Palabras clave: Diseño conceptual; costura doble; comida enlatada; hojalata.
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