A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated TM-6 T , was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in the Korean peninsula. Strain TM-6 T was found to grow optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30 C and in the presence of 2-3% (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TM-6 T joined the clade comprising recognized species of the genus Fulvivirga, with which it exhibited 94.7-95.2 % sequence similarity. Strain TM-6 T was found to contain iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 1 G and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH as major fatty acids. The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and three unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain TM-6 T was 50.9 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain TM-6

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and coccoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated GHTF-23T, was isolated from a tidal flat of the South Sea, South Korea. GHTF-23T grew optimally at 37 °C, at pH 6.5-7.5 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, GHTF-23T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Microbulbifer. GHTF-23T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.1-97.9 % to the type strains of Microbulbifer salipaludis, Microbulbifer hydrolyticus, Microbulbifer elongatus, Microbulbifer mangrovi and Microbulbifer yueqingensis and 94.5-96.8 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Microbulbifer. GHTF-23T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in GHTF-23T and M. hydrolyticus DSM 11525T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content of GHTF-23T was 60.1 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of M. salipaludis, M. hydrolyticus, M. elongatus, M. mangrovi and M. yueqingensis were 11-31 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that GHTF-23T is separated from species of the genus Microbulbifer with validly published names. On the basis of the data presented, GHTF-23T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbulbifer, for which the name Microbulbifer aestuariivivenssp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GHTF-23T (=KCTC 52569T=NBRC 112533T).

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain OITF-31T, was isolated from a tidal flat in Oido, an island of South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain OITF-31T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 1.0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain OITF-31T belonged to the genus Nonlabens, clustering with the type strains of Nonlabens dokdonensis and Nonlabens xylanidelens, sharing 98.1 % sequence similarity with each. Strain OITF-31T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.9-95.8 % to the type strains of other Nonlabens species and less than of 91.8 % to the type strains of other recognized species. Strain OITF-31T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain OITF-31T were phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. The DNA G+C content of strain OITF-31T was 38.1 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of N. dokdonensis and N. xylanidelens were 24 and 19 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain OITF-31T is separated from recognized species of the genus Nonlabens. On the basis of the data presented, strain OITF-31T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonlabens, for which the name Nonlabens aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OITF-31T (=KCTC 52502T=NBRC 112459T).

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated OITF-51T, was isolated from a tidal flat in Oido, an island of South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain OITF-51T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain OITF-51T forms a cluster with the type strains of three species of the genus Flaviramulus. Strain OITF-51T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.0, 95.8 and 95.8 % to the type strains of Flaviramulus ichthyoenteri, Flaviramulus basaltis and Flaviramulus aquimarinus, respectively, and of less than 96.5 % to the type strains of other recognized species. Strain OITF-51T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain OITF-51T were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain OITF-51T was 33.4 mol%, and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness value with the type strain of F. ichthyoenteri was 13 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain OITF-51T is separated from recognized species of the genus Flaviramulus. On the basis of the data presented, strain OITF-51T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flaviramulus, for which the name Flaviramulus aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OITF-51T (=KCTC 52657T=NBRC 112707T).

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated YKTF-3 T , was isolated from a tidal flat on the Yellow Sea, South Korea. Strain YKTF-3 T grew optimally at 30 C and in the presence of 2.0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YKTF-3 T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of Tenacibaculumspecies. The novel strain exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.22-98.34 % to the type strains of Tenacibaculum gallaicum, Tenacibaculum ascidiaceicola, Tenacibaculum litoreum, Tenacibaculum discolor, Tenacibaculum aestuarii and Tenacibaculum lutimaris, and of 95.08-96.95 % to the type strains of the other Tenacibaculum species. Strain YKTF-3 T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C 15 : 0 , summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 !7c and/or C 16 : 1 !6c) and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain YKTF-3 T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content was 32.3 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of the six phylogenetically closely relatedTenacibaculum species were 10-27 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain YKTF-3 T is separate from other recognized species of the genus Tenacibaculum. On the basis of the data presented, strain YKTF-3 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculum sediminilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YKTF-3 T (=KCTC 52210 T =NBRC 111991 T ).