Inspired by natural photosynthesis, the Z-scheme photocatalyst is a promising approach to extend the absorption spectra of photocatalysts and reduce the recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes. However, the fabrication of well-structured efficient multi-component Z-scheme photocatalysts is still a big challenge. We report here a facile one-pot method to synthesize graphene-based Z-scheme photocatalysts. The one-pot method guarantees good distribution of well-structured individual components on thin-layered rGO sheets with excellent connections. With inactive WO3 nanorods and inactive β-In2S3 nanosheets attached to the surface of the rGO sheets, the synthesized In2S3/WO3/rGO tertiary nanocomposite shows excellent visible-light catalytic activity for hydrogen production at 1524 μmol g(-1) h(-1), demonstrating unambiguously the Z-scheme catalytic mechanism. To prevent cross-reactions and interferences, our strategy was to choose no more than one ionic precipitation reaction for the one-pot process, as unwanted cross-reactions could become inevitable if many cations and anions were present. This fabrication strategy should be applicable generally to synthesize other multiple-component nanocomposites, as demonstrated also by the preliminary results of the successful synthesis of the BiVO4/WO3/rGO nanocomposite (one ionic precipitation reaction and one hydrolysis reaction) and WO3/TiO2/rGO nanocomposite (two hydrolysis reactions).

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Urban road dynamic impedance calculation is the important basis of dynamic traffic assignment and real-time traffic management and control scheme. The current impedance calculation is mostly based on BPR function, and the BPR function is derived from macroscopic statistical laws, in which the microscopic characteristics of traffic flow are insufficiently described. In order to more accurately express the change laws of traffic impedance at the microscopic level, a stochastic dynamic traffic assignment algorithm based on road impedance function is designed to analyze the time impedance of congested roads under random dynamic traffic assignment under different conditions of road network saturation. Compared with the current model, the comprehensiveness and portability are greatly improved. The results show that the impedance calculation error of this method is less than 10% when the load degree of the road is lower than 0.85, which proves that the method has good precision under unsaturated flow conditions.

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Background This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD). Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) investigating the application of desflurane and sevoflurane in the maintenance of POCD in patients under general anesthesia were retrieved through a computer search on the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wanfang Database and Technology Periodical Database (VIP) for studies published until October 2022. The identified literature were analyzed using the Revman5.3 system evaluation software. Results A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, which comprised 966 patients, including 483 in the desflurane group and 483 in the sevoflurane group. It was observed that the score of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) decreased preoperative (SMD = 0.00, 95%CI = -0.14-0.15), 1h after surgery (SMD = 1.78, 95%CI = 0.68–2.88), and 3h after surgery (SMD = 0.46, 95%CI = 0.09 ~ 0.82), 6h after surgery (SMD = 1.11, 95%CI =-0.15 ~ 2.37), and 24h after surgery (SMD = 0.16, 95%CI =-0.01 ~ 0.30), and eye opening time (SMD = -3.30, 95%CI = -4.65-1.96) and extubation time (SMD = -3.54, 95%CI = -5.44-1.63) in desflurane group were shorter compared with values in the sevoflurane group. Conclusions Desflurane results in shorter eye opening and extubation times compared with sevoflurane when used as the maintenance therapy of general anesthesia with inhalation anesthetics. Both anesthetics may lead to a reduction in cognitive function among surgical patients, and this is particularly higher the sevoflurane than for desflurane treatment. Registration number:CRD42023390692.