In recent past magnetic nanoparticles have been explored for a number of biomedical applications due to their superparamagnetic moment with high magnetic saturation value. For these biomedical applications, magnetic nanoparticles require being monodispersed so that the individual nanoparticle has almost identical physico-chemical properties for biodistribution, bioelimination and contrast imaging potential. Further, the surface functionalization/modification of magnetic nanoparticles ultimately facilitate the protein or DNA separation, detection and magnetic resonance imaging contrast, drug delivery and hyperthermia applications. The essential goal of this review is to evaluate the recent advances of magnetic nanoparticles for tumor, brain targeting and hyperthermia applications.

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The study describes the in situ formation of magnetite nanoparticles within a swollen polyacrylamide hydrogel. The average diameter of nanoparticles, as determined by TEM analysis, was found to be nearly 12.5 nm. In XRD analysis the characteristic peaks, observed at d = 3.07, 2.78, 2.64, 2.53, 2.32 and 2.03, also confirmed the formation of magnetite within the polymer network. The percent swelling of magnetite-loaded gel in physiological fluid was observed to decrease with increasing amount of magnetite in the gel. Moreover, the percent swelling increased from 140 to 254% as the strength of the applied magnetic field increased from 500 to 2500 Oe. Finally, the model drug, vitamin B(2), loaded magnetic gels showed relatively slower release in the presence of an applied magnetic field.