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Five years after severe foot injury most patients had painful stiffness and only 40% returned to work. Long-term clinical-functional results of the severely injured foot may be disappointing.

We have developed a diaphragm piezoelectric microactuator. The diaphragm consists of a Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) thin film, electrode layers, an isolation layer and a Si substrate. The diaphragm is deflected by transverse stress in the PZT thin film which is fabricated by a sputtering and annealing process. The PZT thin film has a piezoelectric coefficient d 31 of -100 pC/N, which is comparable to that of bulk PZT. A diaphragm deflection of 3 µ m was obtained at an electric field of 16 V/µm.

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