No abstract

Globally, tomato is the second most cultivated vegetable crop next to potato, preferentially grown in temperate climates. Processing tomatoes are generally produced in field conditions, in which soilborne pathogens have serious impacts on tomato yield and quality by causing diseases of the tomato root system. Major processing tomato-producing countries have documented soilborne diseases caused by a variety of pathogens including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and oomycetes, which are of economic importance and may threaten food security. Recent field surveys in the Australian processing tomato industry showed that plant growth and yield were significantly affected by soilborne pathogens, especially Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium species. Globally, different management methods have been used to control diseases such as the use of resistant tomato cultivars, the application of fungicides, and biological control. Among these methods, biocontrol has received increasing attention due to its high efficiency, target-specificity, sustainability and public acceptance. The application of biocontrol is a mix of different strategies, such as applying antagonistic microorganisms to the field, and using the beneficial metabolites synthesized by these microorganisms. This review provides a broad review of the major soilborne fungal/oomycete pathogens of the field processing tomato industry affecting major global producers, the traditional and biological management practices for the control of the pathogens, and the various strategies of the biological control for tomato soilborne diseases. The advantages and disadvantages of the management strategies are discussed, and highlighted is the importance of biological control in managing the diseases in field processing tomatoes under the pressure of global climate change.

No abstract

Abstract-In order to optimize the production process of the fused Zirconia-Alumina-Silica (AZS) material, the cooling process of fused AZS material was analyzed and the influences of latent heat on solidification sequence, solidification time, temperature gradient and residual melt modulus of cast system were discussed by using AnyCasting software. The results showed that: When latent heat is less than 20000 J/kg, the casting system solidifies perfectly from bottom to top. With the increase of latent heat, the shrinkage defects will be more likely to appear at the center of cast. The maximum temperature gradient and the residual melt modulus of the casting system decreases with the increase of the latent heat, while the solidification time of casting system is prolonged when the latent heat increases. The preferable latent heat of AZS material is 20000 J/kg to optimize the casting system and the production process to improve the cast density and control the defects.