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Introduction: The use of plants for treating diseases is as old as the human species. Medicinal plants have been a major source of therapeutic agents for alleviation and cure of diseases. Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the antifungal activity of garlic, cinnamon, lemongrass and tulsi in powder and oil form at different concentrations on Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: Powder and oil of garlic, cinnamon, lemongrass and Tulsi dissolved in inert solvent dimethyl formamide to obtain different concentration. Stock solution of different concentration was inoculated on Petri plates containing C. albicans and incubated at 30°C for 48 h. The inhibition zones were measured in millimeters using Vernier caliper. The collected data were analyzed using statistical test like mean value and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Maximum zone of inhibition for the C. albicans was 42 mm at concentrations of 50% for the oil of lemongrass; followed by cinnamon 40 mm, garlic 24 mm and tulsi 20 mm. The P value obtained 0.050, 0.040, 0.036 and 0.031 were found to be statically significant for C. albicans at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% concentrations of the various oil preparations, respectively. The P value obtained 0.043, 0.033, 0.032 and 0.027 were found to be statically significant for C. albicans at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% concentrations of various plant powder, respectively. Conclusions: Lemongrass and cinnamon oil shows best antifungal effect against C. albicans as compared to garlic and tulsi. Compared to powder preparations, the oil preparations are better to inhibit the growth and higher the concentrations, greater the zone of inhibition seen in all the plant extracts and in oil.

Objective: A rapid, non-destructive and non-solvent raman spectroscopic method for estimation of Montelukast from tablet dosages form Methods: Quantification was carried out by measuring the intensity of analyte peak at 1440 cm -1 . Each Raman spectrum corresponded to an accumulation of 4 scans with an exposure time of 5 sec for each scan with a total integration time of 20 sec. Results:The method exhibited linearity between 2 mg-24 mg show well resolve quantification From MON. The linearity equation was calculated as y = 13.036x+70.819 and the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.997 for MON. LOD (limit of detection) and LOQ(limit of quantification) values were calculated using the calibration curve slope and standard deviation of the response. The LOD (limit of detection) and LOQ (limit of quantification) values were found to be 1.71 mg and 5.13 mg respectively. Conclusion:The developed method was successfully applied for assay of montelukast in the intact formulation. The method was validated according to an international conference on harmonisation guidelines. A recent study, montelukast sodium had been analysed by the raman method, but, looking into the tremendous potential of raman spectroscopic method; it can be extended as a process analysis and technology tool in various quality checks during manufacturing of pharmaceutical products.

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The aim of the study is to find out the role of immunoglobulin IgA and IgM as indicators of humoral immune response in the etiopathogenesis and for the differentiation between oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reaction (OLR). The study comprises of 50 patients. From them 20 patients were of OLP, 20 patients of OLR and 10 patients as controls. After histopathological confirmation, approximately 5 ml of venous blood was collected by venepuncture from OLP patients, OLR patients and from control patients. The serum IgA and IgM were measured by immunoturbidimetry method using automated chemistry analyzer and data were analysed using t-test. The mean serum level of IgA and IgM was 2.14±1.19g/L and 0.88±0.47g/L respectively in reticular OLP, 2.21±0.98g/L and 0.78±0.49g/L respectively in erosive OLP, 1.64±0.60g/L and 0.99±0.34g/L respectively in OLR, 2.62±0.40g/L and 1.51±0.47g/L respectively in control patients. The results showed statistically significant IgM level for reticular and erosive OLP (p value=0.007 and 0.042 respectively). Patients with OLP shows systemic immunologic alterations suggest that humoral immune system may play a part in pathogenesis of OLP and also OLP and OLR lesions can be differentiate on the basis of serum level of IgM.