“The beginning of Wajo's establishment began with the migration of people from various places to open rice fields and build settlements to the east of Lake Tempe. The settlements were then transformed into political units which formed a 'state' under the rule of a nobleman based in Cinnotabi. Several political agreements underlie the formation of a confederation of three domains. Regime change resulted in the transfer of the center of government. Lontara Wajo and the oral tradition mention some toponyms but do not explain in detail where the core of the Wajo confederation lies. This research is aimed at determining the location and character of the toponym by conducting field surveys in places that are suspected of being associated with the existence of the pre-Islamic capital of Wajo. Using an archaeological approach and supported by information from textual sources. Surveys in the villages of Tosora, Cinnongtabi and Tajo in Majauleng District have identified the existence of the old capitals around Wajo-wajo, Boli, Leppadeppa, Attunuang, and other sites based on archeological traces such as menhirs, burned bone fragments, pottery and ceramics shards and other artifacts. Identification of imported ceramic fragments from China, Thailand, Vietnam, these sites might be dated between the 14th and 17th centuries. Taking into account the concentration of artefacts and relations between sites, it can be concluded that Tosora  was the capital from the end of the 16th century and until the arrival of Islam at the beginning of the 17th century, while the capital of the early period of Wajo hypothetically was dated between the beginning of the 15th century and the end of the 16th century was around the confluence of Wajo-wajoe river which flows into Latamperu and Penrange lake which then empties into Cellue river before ending at the Cenrana mainstream”

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This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using Hybrid Learning in history subjects in class X IPA 6 and X IPS 3. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. The instrument used in this study was a closed questionnaire which was distributed to students in class X IPA 6 and X IPS 3 at SMAN 4 Serang City via Google Forms. The results of this study show: (1) history learning carried out at SMAN 4 Serang Serang City after the pandemic was carried out by applying the Hybrid Learning learning model, the Hybrid Learning learning model is learning with an online or online system combined with face-to-face meetings for several hours, learning carried out in rotation with 50% of students, namely students participating in online learning or face-to-face learning alternately (2) the effectiveness of the application of the hybrid learning model in history learning which is carried out face-to-face can attract students' interest in learning, where face-to-face learning, students can directly interact with teachers, establishing good learning communication between teachers and students so as to make students active in the learning process (3) factors that influence the implementation of the Hybrid Learning model, namely because it is not certain when the pandemic will end While learning activities must be carried out, however, when online learning, there are many obstacles that occur, such as: lack of interaction between teachers and students or students and students, lack of learning tools that support the online learning process, learning is monotonous and makes students passive in learning activities.

This study aims to determine the development of the palm sugar home industry and its impact on the socio-economic life of the Hariang Village community in 1999-2019. The method used is the historical method, including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that Hariang Village is one of the largest palm sugar producing villages in Sobang District. This is supported by abundant natural resources and the community's profession as farmers or palm sugar craftsmen. The economic growth of the Hariang Village community is due to the innovation of changing the form of printed palm sugar into ant palm sugar as a more durable product. Printed palm sugar craftsmen cooperate with the palm sugar industry of daily ants to improve the strata of socio-economic life. The palm sugar industry, which has existed since 1999, has developed and demand for palm sugar comes from Tangerang and Jakarta, palm sugar exports to foreign countries such as Australia, America, Malaysia, South Korea, Japan and Switzerland.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan industri rumah tangga gula aren semut dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Desa Hariang tahun 1999-2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, meliputi heuristik, kritik sumber, intepretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Desa Hariang menjadi salah satu desa penghasil gula aren terbesar di Kecamatan Sobang. Hal ini didukung dengan sumber daya alam yang melimpah serta profesi masyarakat sebagai petani atau pengrajin gula aren cetak. Pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat Desa Hariang disebabkan adanya inovasi perubahan bentuk gula aren cetak menjadi gula aren semut sebagai produk yang lebih awet. Pengrajin gula aren cetak melakukan kerjasama dengan industri gula aren semut hariang untuk meningkatkan strata kehidupan sosial ekonomi. Industri gula aren semut hariang yang ada sejak tahun 1999 mengalami perkembangan dan permintaan gula aren semut berasal dari daerah Tangerang dan Jakarta, gula aren semut hariang melakukan ekspor ke luar negeri seperti Australia, Amerika, Malaysia, Korea Selatan, Jepang, dan Swiss.

Berbagai sumber sejarah menyebutkan bahwa Banten merupakan salah satu pelabuhan lada untuk pasar Asia dan Eropa pada abad ke-17. Namun pecahan keramik dari periode Tang dan Song-Yuan hasil penggalian di situs Banten Girang membuktikan bahwa aktivitas perdagangan telah dimulai sejak abad X. Permasalahannya, sejarah awal perkebunan lada belum diketahui dengan jelas, oleh karen itu diperlukan suatu kajian untuk mengetahui tentang perdagangan lada pra-Islam di Banten. Kami melakukan survei di pedalaman Banten yang diduga sebagai lahan perkebunan di masa lalu. Pengamatan lapangan telah menemukan kembali jejak lada yang terhubung ke pelabuhan di pantai utara dan barat. Berdasarkan keterkaitannya dengan peninggalan pra-Islam, lada diduga telah dibudidayakan sejak Milenium pertama Masehi seiring dengan masuknya pedagang India dan China melalui Selat Sunda. Hasil analisis kontekstual terhadap jejak arkeologi dan etnografi, telah memberi gagasan bahwa perdagangan lada telah menjadi penggerak utama perekonomian yang dikendalikan oleh kekuasaan politik pesisir utara Jawa yang mungkin telah dimulai pada masa Tarumanagara dan berkembang pada masa kerajaan Sunda-Banten.   Various historical sources state that Banten was one of the pepper ports for the Asian and European markets in the 17th century. Ceramic shards from the Tang and Song-Yuan periods at the Banten Girang site prove that trading activities have started since the 10th century. The problem is, the early history of pepper plantations is unknown, therefore a study is needed to gain knowledge about the pre-Islamic pepper trade in Banten. We conducted a survey in the interior of Banten suspected as plantation land in the past. Field observations have rediscovered traces of pepper connected to ports on the north and west coasts. Based on its association with pre-Islamic remains, pepper was supposed to have been cultivated since the first millennium AD along with the arrival of Indian traders through the Sunda Strait. The results of the contextual analysis on archaeological and ethnographic traces, propose the idea that the pepper trade has become the main driver of the economy controlled by the north coast polities of Java which may have started during the Tarumanagara period and developed during the Sundanese kingdom of Banten.