This research aims to determine the differences of mathematical reasioning attainment and enhancement between students who get srategy Means -Ends Analysis with students who get expository learning. Type of this research is a quasi-experimental. Samples were 77 students of class VII derived from two classes at one of the junior high schools in the regency of Lembang. The first class get srategy Means -Ends Analysis Learning (MEAL) and the second get Expository Learning (EL). Based on the result of prior mathematical knowledge test, there were three categories, namely: higher, mediocre, and lower. All class are given a pre-test and post-test of mathematical reasioning. The results showed that (1) there is differences in mathematical reasioning enhancement who received PMEA and received PE in terms of the whole students; (2) there is no significant interaction effect between instructional factors (MEAL and EL) and prior mathematical knowledge (higher, mediocre, lower) toward the students' enhancement of mathematical reasoning ability. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis antara siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan strategi MEA dengan siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran Ekspositori. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen. Dengan sampel terdiri dari 77 orang siswa kelas VII yang berasal dari dua kelas pada salah satu SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Lembang. Kelas petama mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan strategi Means-Ends Analysis (PMEA) dan kelas kedua mendapatkan pembelajaran Ekspositori (PE). Kedua kelas diberikan pretes dan postes kemampuan penalaran matematis. Berdasarkan faktor Kemampuan Awal Mahasiswa (KAM), subyek penelitian dibedakan atas tiga kelompok yaitu tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis antara siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran menggunakan PMEA dengan yang memperoleh PE ditinjau dari keseluruhan dan KAM; (2) tidak terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan kemampuan awal matematika siswa terhadap peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa.
This study analyzes various regulations on urban waste management, with emphasis in recycling activities. How regulatory frameworks from the national level translates to the city level, and the extent of its implementation are examined through field observations in the city of Semarang as a case study. Based on the study of regulations and policy documents, this study suggests that recycling is found in various policy domains, not only those concerning waste management but also in the environment, industry, company’s limited liability and infrastructure domains. This study highlights two main problems in recycling namely: policy idealism and approach dualism. From these two basic problems, this study recommends a strategy for strengthening the capacity and collaboration of related parties as one of keys to increasing the capacity of waste recycling, especially in urban areas in Indonesia.
AbstrakManajemen dalam pembelajaran harus diprogram diantarnya berbasis pendekatan perubahan perilaku agar dapat menumbuhkan motivasi belajar siswa. Hal ini dilakukan di SMP Neger1 3 Pademawu Pamekasan. Pendekatan penelitian ini kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian pertama perencanaan pendekatan perubahan perilaku dalam menumbuhkan motivasi belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 3 Pademawu Pamekasan, diantaranya: 1) Guru menggunakan model pembelajaran PAKEM. 2) Menerapkan sistem pendekatan, pemberian motivasi, uswah atau contoh dan dukungan spiritual, aturan dalam bentuk 5 S serta tatatertib sekolah; 3) Penerapan tata tertib dan aturan lembaga yang mendapatkan respon positif siswa. Kedua penerapan pendekatan perubahan perilaku dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 3 Pademawu Pamekasan, diantaranya: 1) Guru memberikan motivasi terhadap siswa seperti tatat ertib dan uswah atau contoh. 2) Guru menggunakan model pembelajaran PAKEM; dan 3) Guru menerapkan strategi pemberian reward dan pujian bagi siswa yang berprestasi baik pada bidang akademik maupun bidang non akademik. Ketiga faktor pendukung pendekatan perubahan perilaku dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 3 Pademawu dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 3 Pademawu Pamekasan, diantaranya: 1) siswa aktif di dalam kelas; 2) Adanya mushola juga perpustakaan yg memadai. Sedangkan faktor penghambat, meliputi: 1) Jika guru terlalu dekat dengan siswa maka siswa tersebut akan merendahkan gurunya dan juga siswa yang nakal akan makin banyak bicara tanpa disadari oleh siswa; b) Tidak semua guru menerapkan pendekatan perubahan perilaku. Kata kunci: manajemen pembelajaran, pendekatan perubahan perilaku, motivasi belajar siswaAbstract Management in learning must be programmed according to the approach to behavior change in order to increase student motivation. This was done at SMP Negeri 3 Pademawu Pamekasan. This research approach is qualitative with the type of case study research. The results of the first study planning a behavioral change approach in increasing student motivation in Pademawu Pamekasan Middle School 3, including: 1) Teachers use the PAKEM learning model. 2) Implement a system of approaches, giving motivation, uswah or examples and spiritual support, rules in the form of 5S and school order; 3) Application of the rules and regulations of the institutions that get positive responses from students. The second is the application of the behavior change approach in increasing student motivation in Pademawu Pamekasan Middle School 3, including: 1) The teacher provides motivation for students such as order notes and uswah or examples. 2) The teacher uses the PAKEM learning model; and 3) Teachers apply reward and praise strategies for students who excel in both the academic and non-academic fields. These three factors support the behavior Berdasarkan fokus penelitian kedua ditemukan bahwa penerapan pendekatan perubahan perilaku dalam memotivasi belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 3 Pademawu Pamekasan: 1...
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