-Sugarcane industries are faced with the challenges of reduced cane yield due to inability to ascertain an appropriate sugarcane planting density. Field trials were conducted at Bacita, southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to examine appropriate planting density and weed control method that can minimize weed infestation in sugarcane field and give an optimum cane yield to improve the economic status of the sugarcane farming community. The experiment was established as a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement with three replications. The main plot constituted four planting populations (43,200, 64,800, 86,400 and 108,800) plants ha -1 while the sub-plot consisted of six weed control practices (weedy check, pre-emergence application of terbuthylazine at 2.0 kg a.i. ha -1 + three supplementary hoe weeding (SHW), post emergence application of ametryn at 3.0 kg a.i. ha -1 + two SHW., post emergence application of dicamba at 0.5 kg a.i. ha -1 + two SHW., pre emergence application of terbuthylazine at 2.0 kg a.i. ha -1 + post emergence application of 2.4-D at 3.0 kg a.e. ha -1 and monthly hoe weeding). The study revealed that fifteen weed species were encountered as the most prevalent weed species in sugarcane ecology. Plant population of 108,800 plants ha -1 had the lowest weed seedlings population with highest cane yield (216.03 tons ha -1 ), production efficiency of 9.20% and benefit cost ratio of US$ 9.86 on every US$ 1 spent. This study concludes that, the adoption of 86,400-108,800 plants ha -1 of sugarcane and pre emergence application of terbuthylazine at 2.0 kg a.i. ha -1 + three SHW (for small scale growers) or pre emergence application of Terbuthylazine at 2.0 kg a.i. ha -1 + post emergence application of 2.4-D at 3.0 kg a.e. ha -1 for the commercial estates will minimize weed infestation and make sugarcane cultivation a profitable venture.Keywords: terbuthylazine, dicamba, ametryn, weeds. (43.200, 64.800, 86.400 e 108.800) RESUMO -As indústrias de cana-de-açúcar enfrentam os desafios da redução do

Land degradation and water availability in semi-arid regions are interdependent challenges for management that are influenced by climatic and anthropogenic changes. Erosion and high sediment loads in rivers cause reservoir siltation and decrease storage capacity, which pose risk on water security for citizens, agriculture, and industry. In regions where resources for management are limited, identifying spatial-temporal variability of sediment sources is crucial to decrease siltation. Despite widespread availability of rigorous methods, approaches simplifying spatial and temporal variability of erosion are often inappropriately applied to very data sparse semi-arid regions. In this work, we review existing approaches for mapping erosional hotspots, and provide an example of spatial-temporal mapping approach in two case study regions. The barriers limiting data availability and their effects on erosion mapping methods, their validation, and resulting prioritization of leverage management areas are discussed.

The research aimed to determine the level of practice of the respondents from the heads of rural families of the habits related to food behavior and related to social events, as well as to determine the impact of habits on the rate of their consumption of food in the research area, as well as to identify the respondents' proposals to rationalize their consumption of food in the research area from their point of view, and to achieve the objectives of the research. The data were collected from a random sample of 380 respondents using a questionnaire form using the personal interview method during the period from January 2022 to March 2022, the weighted average and T-test were used in statistical data analysis, and Cohn's equation was applied to measure the effect size (𝑑 = t √𝑛 ) in addition to the tabular display in frequencies and percentages. The results showed that most of the social habits that the respondents adhere to and practice to a greater extent are the social habits associated with wedding occasions compared to their counterparts in the habits associated with other social occasions. It was also found that the respondents' adherence to some social habits decreased, such as the celebration of Sham El-Nessim, the annual of the deceased and male circumcision ceremonies. The results also showed that the habit of the newborn week affected by an average increase in poultry consumption, oil, and sugar, and a low increase in the consumption of meat, flour, bread, vegetables, ghee, and fruits. While male circumcision ceremonies usually affected by an average increase in the consumption of meat, bread, vegetables, and sugar, and a low increase in the consumption of poultry, flour, ghee, oil, and fruits, and that usually wedding banquets affected a high increase in the consumption of meat, poultry, flour, bread, and vegetables ghee, oil, sugar, and fruits, with an average increase in the consumption of eggs, and a low increase in the consumption of milk, And that the habit of funeral feasts affected a high increase in the consumption of meat, poultry, bread, vegetables, sugar, and fruits, with an average increase in the consumption of flour, ghee, and oil, and a low increase in the consumption of fruits, and that the habit of celebrating Sham El-Nessim affected by an average increase in the consumption of fish, and eggs.

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