Oroantral fistula (OAF) is a pathologic communication between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus. It is usually associated with maxillary sinusitis, where drainage of sinus infection is a mandatory step during closure of the fistula. The flap used for closure of OAF should be tension free, broadly based and well vascularized. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of closure of OAF using buccal fat pad (BFP) flap with concomitant endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy for maxillary sinus drainage. Nineteen patients with chronic OAF were included in the study. Closure was performed using BFP with endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy. Preoperative and postoperative assessments were carried out. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year postoperatively. Complete closure of all OAFs was achieved with no recurrence or dehiscence. In conclusion, closure of OAF with BFP flap and concomitant endoscopic drainage of the maxillary sinus through the middle meatus is an effective, easy, and simple method. It has a high success rate with no effect on the vestibular depth or mouth opening.

Objectives:The main purpose of this work is to design a simple, sensitive, accurate and precise potentiometric membrane ion selective electrodes for selective determination of loperamide hydrochloride in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical preparation. Methods: Electrochemical behavior of loperamide hydrochloride were investigated using PVC membrane and modified carbon nanotubes paste sensors. The linearity of this developed method was established in the concentration range of 10 -5 -10 -2 M and 10 -6 -10 -2 M shows a Nernstian slope of 57.38 mV and 58.74 mV for PVC and Carbon paste sensor, respectively. Results: Validation parameters such as specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, limit of detection were found to be within the acceptance limit as studied according to IUPAC recommendation data. Conclusion: Both sensors ware successfully applied for potentiometric determination of loperamide hydrochloride in its pure form and pharmaceutical formulations.

Objective: A transcranial extradural approach to the middle cranial fossa (MCF) requires separation of the dural layers of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. The authors tested the feasibility of an endonasal approach for this separation. Methods: A cadaveric feasibility study was conducted on the sides of 14 dry skulls and 10 fresh cadaveric heads. An endonasal, transsphenoidal, transpterygoid approach was taken to the MCF. The maxillary struts and medial greater wing of the sphenoid below the superior orbital fissure were drilled with transposition of the maxillary nerve. The lateral cavernous dural layers were split at the maxillary nerve with separation of the temporal lobe dura and exposure of the MCF bony base. The integrity of the cranial nerves and inner and outer dural layers of the lateral cavernous wall was checked. Different measurements of bony landmarks were obtained. Results: The integrity of the dural layers of the lateral cavernous wall and the cranial nerves were preserved in 10 heads. The mean area of the bony corridor was 4.68 ± 0.97 cm 2 , the V2-to-V3 distance was 15.21 ± 3.36 mm medially and 18.21 ± 3.45 mm laterally, and the vidian canal length was 13.01 ± 3.06 mm. Conclusions: Endonasal endoscopic separation of the lateral cavernous dural layers is feasible without crossing the motor cranial nerves, allowing better exposure of the MCF.

wo feeding trials were conducted using Ossimi ram lambs averaging 22Kg for 150 and 90 days for trials 1 &2, respectively. In each trial, 20 lambs were assigned to form equal groups. In trial one, olive cake levels (0, 15, 20 &25%) were used replacing clover hay forming four dietary treatments. In trial two, differences were only with ensiling olive cake with urea for 21 days. Feed intake, animals' body weight gain and feed conversion were obtained; also, a simple economic evaluation was obtained. Results of trial one showed that :1-Feed intake was insignificant different between the tested groups.2-The inclusion of crude olive cake in the ration up to 25% did not affect lambs body gain significantly.3-Feed conversion showed insignificant differences regarding DM, TDN, SV and DE and significant differences regarding DCP. The DCP/gain (g/Kg), tended to be lower with olive cake containing rations especially that contained 25% olive cake compared to the control ration. 4-The economic evaluation showed that olive cake rations resulted in lower feed cost/kg gain. The 25% olive cake ration reduced feed cost/kg gain by about 13.5%. Results of trial two showed that: 1-Animals performance was not affected significantly by the use of urea-treated olive cake rations compared to the control. 2-Feed intake was not affected significantly as comparing urea-treated olive cake rations with the control. However, with urea-treated olive cake tended to improve as the level of olive cake increased in the ration reflecting the effect of increasing its nitrogen content through ensiling. 3-Feed conversion was not affected significantly regarding DM, TDN, SV and DE/gain. But DCP/gain showed significantly lower values with olive cake rations that ensiled with 4% urea for 21days before feeding. 4-The economic evaluation showed that the cost price/kg gain was nearly similar for all rations with differences, not more than 3%.

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