Positron lifetime measurements on CdTe 0.15% Zn-doped by weight are presented, trapping to monovacancy defects is observed. At low temperatures, localization at shallow binding energy positron traps dominates. To aid defect identification density functional theory, calculated positron lifetimes and momentum distributions are obtained using relaxed geometry configurations of the monovacancy defects and the Te antisite. These calculations provide evidence that combined positron lifetime and coincidence Doppler spectroscopy measurements have the capability to identify neutral or negative charge states of the monovacancies, the Te antisite, A-centers, and divacancy defects in CdTe.

Polymethylpentene (PMP) possesses high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability coupled with high conductivity and ionic selectivity which is used for autoclavable medical and laboratory equipment. The Positron annihilation Lifetime (PAL) measurements were performed at temperatures from 300 K down to 165 K (1st cooling run), from 175 K up to 425 K (1st heating run), and from 425 K to 165 K (2nd cooling run) under vacuum. The temperature dependence of the free volume and its contents, which were deduced from the ortho‐ positronium (o ‐Ps) lifetime, exhibited a little change between the cooling and heating runs, so that the behavior appears to be reversible. The variation of the free volume with temperature reflects the glass transition temperature of PMP at about 300 K. Based on the free volume theory of Cohen‐Turnbull, the ionic conductivity σ is correlated with the mean hole volume Vh·. A linear relation between ln(σT0.5) and 1/Vh was observed and the critical hole volume was also estimated to be around 811.9 Å3. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Smart parking lots are smart places capable of supporting both parking and charging services for electric vehicles (EVs). In order to manage EV charging, the parking lot local controller (PLLC) requires data exchange with EV charging stations (EVCSs) through communication infrastructures. However, data losses and communication delays are unavoidable and may significantly degrade the system performance. This work aims to investigate the underlying communication networks for remote monitoring of EVCSs in a smart campus parking lot. The communication network consists of two subnetworks: parking area network (PAN) and campus area network (CAN). PAN covers communication among EVs, charging stations and PLLC, while CAN enables dedicated communication between PLLCs and a global controller of the university. As one of the major obstacles in EV system is the lack of unified communication architecture to integrate EVCS in the power grid, we develope communication models for the in-vehicle system and EVC-Ss based on logical node concept of IEC 61850 standard. Furthermore, we implement network models for EVCSs using OPNET modeler. Different communication technologies and configurations are considered in modeling and simulations, and end-to-end delay is evaluated and discussed.

A method for measurement of lip incompetence is described. Electromyographic techniques were used to obtain relaxation of the muscles of the lip and of a jaw elevator muscle. Standardized photographs were taken of the subject's profile, from which lip separation and face height were measured. Variation was found in successive measurements of lip posture, some of which appeared to depend upon mandibular posture. With the teeth in occlusion, lip separation was reduced. Active maintenance of lip contact by the subject was often associated with a reduction in lower face height, which may have been a direct consequence of the lip muscle activity, or of jaw elevator activity facilitating the lip closure.