<p>Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji pentingnya <em>critical thinking</em> dan <em>problem solving </em>dalam pembelajaran IPS untuk menjawab tantangan abad 21. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur. 4 keterampilan abad 21 yaitu: <em>communication</em>, <em>collaboration</em>, <em>critical thinking and problem solving</em>, serta <em>creativity and innovation</em>. Tujuan pembelajaran IPS adalah mengembangkan potensi peserta didik agar terampil mengatasi masalah sosial. Pembelajaran IPS pada abad 21 harus integrative, holistic, saintifik, konstektual, tematik, efektif, kolaboratif, dan berpusat pada siswa. Pentingnya <em>critical thinking dan Problem Solving </em>dalam pembelajaran IPS adalah agar peserta didik dapat merangsang, menganalisis, dan melakukan sintesis tepat dimana masalah itu berada, atas inisiatif sendiri.</p>
Local wisdom of Sasak society is a system of life and values of the Sasak ethnic group, since the past, has proven to give meaning if applied teguq, tuhu, bender and trasna in society. The value of local wisdom is supported by the existence of awik-awik or dynamic customary rules. Awik-awik contains contextual values according to the region of each region which is related in science learning of elementary school students. Through qualitative methods and literature reviews, the author tries to explore the reflection of the value of local wisdom in learning science. In awik-awik the characteristics of science / science are reflected in the form of products, processes and attitudes. Linking awik-awik in learning science aims to instill a sense of love for the noble values of culture and students get real learning experiences and their surroundings. This is expected to motivate teachers to implement it in the design of learning in schools
The sudden change caused by the global pandemics of COVID-19 leads to the classroom transformation from classical face-to-face meetings into virtual. The development of technology enables classroom variation by providing various applications that can be employed to facilitate learning activities. Nonetheless, not all situations suitable to use advanced technology during distance learning. Some students are living in remote areas with limited internet connection. This study aims to offer an alternative if most of the students were having difficulties with the internet and minimum devices to download heavy applications. The alternative is by using a chat group with an emphasis on the students’ interaction during the lesson. This descriptive study was conducted at a university in Mataram, Indonesia. The subject was 17 students in the Mathematics Education Study Program who follow the course of Abstract Algebra. The data were gathered from students’ observation during the lessons and students’ written work in the middle semester test. The data were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method. From the analysis, it was found that the students’ activity during distance learning was 83.5%. Furthermore, 88.23% of students achieved the minimum score for the middle semester test (more than 56). The study showed that mathematics teaching and learning could be done with a secure and straightforward access application to gain good results.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil perbandingan analisis kualitas soal kemampuan membedakan rangkaian seri dan rangkaian paralel melalui pendekatan teori tes klasik dan model Rasch dilihat dari aspek validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran soal, serta daya pembeda soal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dan proses pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2020. Data diperoleh melalui metode dokumentasi berupa 40 butir soal pilihan ganda dengan dua opsi jawaban dan diujikan kepada 195 orang mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Mataram. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan teori tes klasik menggunakan SPSS 18.0 dan model Rasch dengan software Winstep. Kualitas soal dari aspek validitas dengan pendekatan teori tes klasik diperoleh 30 soal yang dikategorikan valid dan 10 soal dianggap tidak valid sedangkan dengan model Rasch diperoleh 5 soal kategorikan valid dan 35 soal dikategorikan tidak valid. Nilai reliabilitas Cronbach Alpha (KR-20) soal tes melalui pendekatan teori tes klasik adalah 0,470 (buruk) dan nilai reliabilitas Cronbach Alpha (KR-20) pada model Rasch adalah 0,640 (cukup) dengan nilai Person Reliability sebesar 0,60 (lemah) dan Item Reliability sebesar 0,97 (istimewa). Rata-rata indeks tingkat kesukaran soal pada pendekatan teori tes klasik adalah 0,631 dengan kategori sedang, sedangkan hasil analisis tingkat kesukaran berdasarkan model Rasch menunjukkan terdapat empat kategori tingkat kesulitan butir soal yaitu 7 soal yang termasuk sangat mudah, 13 soal mudah, 15 soal sulit, serta 5 soal sangat sulit. Daya pembeda butir soal dengan pendekatan teori tes klasik berada pada kategori buruk (20 item), kategori cukup 19 butir soal, serta 1 item dengan kategori baik. Daya pembeda butir soal dari pemodelan Rasch diperoleh 8 (delapan) kelompok butir soal yang didasarkan pada indeks separasi butir soal (H=8,28).
Problem-solving is an important competency that must be owned by students. Problem-solving skills can facilitate students in understanding, connecting, and using mathematical concepts. Even so, mistakes in solving mathematical problems are still made by students. One reason is the lack of habituation of problem-solving in learning mathematics. Teachers who have good problem-solving skills will find it easier to teach and do an activity about problem-solving in learning mathematics. The purpose of this study is to describe the problem-solving ability of primary school teachers based on Polya’s method. This research method is descriptive-qualitative. The research subjects were primary mathematics teachers who taught in Mataram City, Indonesia. Each research subject solved three mathematical problems correctly and the problem-solving process will be analyzed based on Polya's method. The results obtained are teachers from city and suburb schools doing three indicators, namely identifying information on the problem, carrying out the procedure according to plan, and doing calculations correctly. Indicators of problem-solving that are not done are writing problem questions, making mathematical models, and writing final conclusions.Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Guru Sekolah Dasar Berdasarkan Metode Polya di Kota MataramAbstrakPemecahan masalah adalah salah satu kompetensi yang cukup penting. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah dapat memudahkan siswa dalam memahami, menghubungkan, dan menggunakan konsep-konsep matematika. Meskipun begitu, kesalahan dalam pemecahan masalah matematika masih dilakukan oleh siswa. Salah satu sebabnya adalah kurangnya pembiasan pemecahan masalah pada pembelajaran matematika di sekolah. Guru yang memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang baik, akan lebih mudah mengajarkan dan membiasakan pemecahan masalah pada pembelajaran matematika di sekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada guru SD di Kota Mataram. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah guru matematika SD yang mengajar di pusat dan pinggiran Kota Mataram. Masing-masing subjek penelitian menyelesaikan tiga masalah matematika dengan benar dan akan dianalisis proses penyelesaian masalahnya berdasarkan metode Polya. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah guru dari sekolah kota dan pinggiran melakukan tiga indikator, yakni mengidentifikasi informasi pada masalah, melakukan prosedur penyelesaian sesuai rencana, dan melakukan perhitungan dengan benar. Indikator penyelesaian masalah yang tidak dilakukan adalah menuliskan pertanyaan masalah, membuat model matematika, dan menuliskan kesimpulan akhir.
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