The emergence of unintentional poisoning and uncontrolled vector diseases have contributed to sensor technologies development, leading to the more effective detection of diseases. In this study, we present the combination of graphene-based material with surface plasmon resonance technique. Two different graphene-based material sensor chips were prepared for rapid and quantitative detection of dengue virus (DENV) and cobalt ion (Co2+) as an example of typical metal ions. As the fundamental concept of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor that relies on the refractive index of the sensor chip surface, this research focused on the SPR signal when the DENV and Co2+ interact with the graphene-based material sensor chip. The results demonstrated that the proposed sensor-based graphene layer was able to detect DENV and Co2+ as low as 0.1 pM and 0.1 ppm respectively. Further details in the detection and quantification of analyte were also discussed in terms of sensitivity, affinity, and selectivity of the sensor.

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In this study, a graphene oxide/poly(amidoamine) (GO/PAMAM) dendrimer composite thin film was developed for the potential detection of Hg 2+ using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis proved the presence of amino, carboxylic acid, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups in the GO/PAMAM thin film. The optical properties of the thin film were characterized using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The UV-Vis analysis showed that the absorption of the GO/PAMAM thin film was high with an optical band gap of 4.01 eV. The incorporation of the GO/PAMAM thin film with SPR spectroscopy produced positive responses towards various Hg 2+ concentrations. Atomic force microscopy results indicated that the thin film has an irregular edge and hence proved the interaction of mercury ions with the thin film.