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Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis show predominance of metabolic disorder characterized by overweight, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance, specifically, few studies have explained insulin resistance in this disease.Objective: The aim of the present study is to examine insulin resistance and the risk of developing diabetes mellitus in middle age Iraqi women with early rheumatoid arthritis.Patients and methods: This work involved seventy female with early rheumatoid arthritis. Who was attending to the National Diabetic Center (NDC) of Al-Mustansiriya University and 35 healthy subjects as a control group. From all subjects blood sample was drawn in fasting state to measure the biochemical parameters which including plasma glucose level and fasting insulin concentrations. Other measurements (RF and anti-CCP) were made by routine methods. Homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) by using the formula HOMA model Insulin sensitivity was calculated in RA patients and healthy control.Results: Results revealed a highly significant in the level of the rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-CCP and fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR when compared the patient group with the control group. While a significant increase in the level of FBG in the RA group than the control group. Also, there was a positive correlation with high significance among, Anti-CCP, and RF with HOMA-IR in the rheumatoid arthritis group. Conclusions: This study shows that patient with rheumatoid arthritis have abnormal insulin secretion with a high value of IR than a group of healthy control and these patients may be at risk of diabetic mellitus.  عوامل الخطر والتشخيص المبكر لداء السكري للنساء حديثات الاصابة بألتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي محمد حسن علي  د.عـبير جبـار حسن أيناس جبار حسن  الخلاصة: خلفية البحث:يكون المرضى الذين يعانون من التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي عرضة للاصابة بمتلازمة التمثيل بالغذائي والعوامل المرتبطة بها مثل زيادة الوزن، وقلة دهون الدم أو ضعف تحمل الجلوكوز، وهناك بعض الدراسات بينت ان هولاء المرضى يكونون معرضون لمقاومة الانسولين . الهدف: صممت هذه الدراسة لفحص مقاومة الانسولين وخطر الإصابة بداء السكري عند النساء العراقيات المصابات حديثا بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي. طرق العمل: شملت الدراسة سبعين أنثى مصابات حديثا بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي و 35 من النساء المتطوعات كمجموعة ضابطة. تم سحب عينة الدم من الجميع في حالة الصيام لقياس المعلمات البيوكيميائية بما في ذلك مستوى الجلوكوز ، تركيزالأنسولين وقياسات أخرى مثل (RF and anti-CCP). وايضا تم حساب المقاومة للانسولين (HOMA-IR). النتائج أظهرت النتائج وجود زيادة معنوية في مستوى العامل الروماتويدي (RF) وتركيز الانسولين مقاومة الانسولين (HOMA-IR) عند مقارنة مجموعة المرضى مع مجموعة السيطرة. في حين أن زيادة كبيرة في مستوى السكر الصائم  في مجموعة المرضى مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة. أيضا كان هناك علاقة إيجابية  مؤثرة بين، Anti-CCP, and RF  و HOMA-IR في مجموعة مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي. الاستنتاجات: اظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن المرضى بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي يكون لديهم إفراز الأنسولين غير طبيعي وبالتالي تظهر لديهم مقاومة للانسولين ويكونون عرضة لخطر الاصابة بمرض السكري. الكلمات المفتاحية: مقاومة الانسولين,  داء السكري, التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي.

This paper reported on the current issues distributed transaction faces in the multi database management system. We looked at how the distributed transaction in database differs from other distributed processing. After highlighting the major issues in distributing transition in the multi DBMS, concurrency control and recovery such as (Site failure, network failure, time failure, and so on) were considered in the design of our model. We proposed an exceptional distributed transaction model for processing the transaction queries in the multi DBMS by keeping in mind the point-to-point transaction processes. The expected results were described in this paper.

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Challenges associated with High-integrity Pressure Protection System (HIPPS) design, assembly testing and commissioning are presented in this session. It is based on the experience of completing 10 projects successfully over last decade. The method involves reviewing various logs at different stages of a project lifecycle and determining the root cause of the challenges faced. Implementation of the process control methods around design and assembly demonstrates the benefits of continuous improvement. The trend of issues experienced over time also demonstrates the effectiveness of close loop feedback process existing in the infrastructure. The paper details how functional safety management principles can be applied to the supply of HIPPS systems, from the development of Safety Requirements Specification, through development of the Safety Instrumented System (SIS), Verification & Validation of the (SIS), Commissioning the SIS, Operation and Maintenance of the SIS, and finally decommissioning the SIS. The paper also discusses the impact of functional safety on the subsea control system, and the requirements of the functional safety standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 (and ISA 84.00.01), and how these standards impact both the supplier and the operator of the HIPPS. The paper highlights the maturity of the High Integrity Pressure Protection System solution, and the track record of these systems once deployed. Lessons learned spans over 20 years and across 10 projects involving 25 systems. They are distributed in the areas of design, functional safety assessment, interface management, supply chain, testing and commissioning. Given the low volume of product solutions and safety considerations, it is necessary to determine cause of "every" anomaly beginning from design analysis through life of field. Lessons learned and experience in managing challenges form critical part in deploying technically sound HIPPS units in a timely manner in future.