The purpose of present study was to investigate the impacts of endurance, resistance and concurrent training on adiponectin resting levels of sedentary men. Forty-four sedentary students were randomly assigned to one of four groups: endurance training (ET; 22 ± 0.89 yr, n=12), resistance training (RT, 21 ± 1.57 yr, n=9), concurrent training (CT, 21.38 ± 2.6 yr, n=14) and control group (CG, n=10). After primary measurements, blood samples were drawn with subjects in fasting and resting state for determination of the basic level of adiponectin. The subjects participated in E, R and C training for 8 weeks. The ET group ran 3d/w at 65-85 % of maximum heart rate. The exercise training session for the RT group consisted of 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions of weight training exercise that increase progressively, and repeated 3 sessions per week. The CT group trained exactly the sum of ET and RT groups. Correlated samples t-test and ANOVA were used. The results of the present study showed that after the eight-week training, the adiponectin levels of subjects increased in 3 groups of training but this increase was not signifi cant. The level of adiponectin in CT group increased more than in ET and RT groups. Also, there were no signifi cant differences in content of adiponectin among groups. In general, slight increases in adiponectin levels in training groups especially in CT group may indicate the most potential of CT group in increasing the levels of adiponectin in sedentary men. However more researches are needed to identify the effects of concurrent training (Tab. 4, Ref. 27).

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Background. Omentin-1, a novel adipokine expressed in visceral adipose tissue, is negatively correlated with insulin-resistance and obesity. Objective(s). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on omentin-1 gene expression in visceral adipose tissue and insulin-resistance in male wistar rats. Methods. A total of 26 male Wistar rats (mean weight = 110±10 gr) were purchased from Pasteur Institute in Iran. At first, six rats were separated as base control group and, after eight weeks of feeding with normal diet, were dissected and their visceral adipose tissues were sampled. The remaining rats were given a high-fat diet for eight weeks. After this, seven rats were separated into the non-diabetic fat group (obese HIIT). Then, diabetes was induced on the remaining animals After eight weeks, diabetic rats were divided into two groups-diabetic control group (n=6) and diabetic HIIT exercise group (n=7). The exercise group ran on treadmill for eight weeks-five days a week with a speed of 29-36 m/min and intensity of 90% of VO2 max. The activity was repeated five times in the first week, which increased to 12 times in the last week. A total of 48 hours after last session, fasting blood glucose and insulin were measured. Omentin gene expression was measured from visceral adipose tissue. Results. Results showed that omentin-1 gene expression was increased significantly after eight weeks of HIIT. Blood glucose and insulin-resistance decreased significantly in training groups (p=0.001). Conclusion. It can be concluded that eight weeks of HIIT induce high omentin-1 gene expression and reduce fasting glucose level and insulin-resistance in diabetic male wistar rats.

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