Communications between the Internet of Vehicles in smart cities helps increase the awareness and safety among drivers. However, the channel congestion problem is considered as a key challenge for the communication networks due to continuing collection and exchange of traffic information in dense environments. The channel congestion problem degrades the efficiency and reliability of the ad hoc network. Therefore, the adaptation of the data rate and power control is considered as one of the effective solutions to mitigate channel congestion. A new hybrid game transmission rate and power channel congestion control approach on the Internet of Vehicle networks where the nodes play as greedy opponents demanding high information rates with the maximum power level are developed. Furthermore, the existence of a Nash equilibrium, which is the optimal information rate and power transmission for every vehicle, is established. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach enhances the network performance by an overall percentage of 42.27%, 43.94% and 47.66% regarding channel busy time, messages loss and data collision as compared with others. This increases the awareness and performance of the vehicular communication network. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The growth of connected vehicles in smart cities increases the number of information being communicated on the Internet of Vehicle networks. This causes wireless channel congestion problems, which degrades the network performance and reliability due to the low throughput, high average delay and the high packets loss. Therefore, this paper proposes a non-cooperative game approach to control congestion in the vehicular ad-hoc network channel where the nodes behave as selfish players requesting high data transmission rates. Moreover, the satisfaction of the Nash equilibrium condition for the optimum data transmission rate for each vehicle, is proven. A utility function is introduced based on data transmission rates, the priority of vehicles and contention delay in order to obtain the optimal rates. The performance of the proposed approach has been evaluated and validated in comparison with three others approaches over two testing scenarios for highway and urban traffic. The results show that the network performance and efficiency have been improved by an overall average of 35%, 30% and 37.17% in terms of packets loss, channel busy time and number of collision messages, respectively, as compared with the state-of-the-art-strategies for the highway testing scenario. Similar performance is achieved for the urban testing scenario.

Technology such as vehicular ad hoc networks can be used to enhance the convenience and safety of passenger and drivers. The vehicular ad hoc networks safety applications suffer from performance degradation due to channel congestion in high-density situations. In order to improve vehicular ad hoc networks reliability, performance, and safety, wireless channel congestion should be examined. Features of vehicular networks such as high transmission frequency, fast topology change, high mobility, high disconnection make the congestion control is a challenging task. In this paper, a new congestion control approach is proposed based on the concept of hybrid power control and contention window to ensure a reliable and safe communications architecture within the internet of vehicles network. The proposed approach performance is investigated using an urban scenario. Simulation results show that the network performance has been enhanced by using the hybrid developed strategy in terms of received messages, delay time, messages loss, data collision and congestion ratio.

Comparative study of cryptography and steganography techniques shows that they have some strong and weak points when they used alone. But as we know from soft computing techniques (neural, genetic, and fuzzy computing), that when combining (hybridizing), more than one techniques, by the suitable way to do a job, the outcome will be a better technique with more strong points and less weak points. Work of this paper represents an attempt to prove that combining cryptography with steganography techniques will result in hard transmitting system to break and thus enforcing security issues of secret text data transmitting over public channels. Matlab programs are written to encrypt plain text secret information following AES encrypt/decrypt algorithm with a key of 128 bits long and then hide/extract the text according to LSB insertion method with a key of 128 bits long too. System tests show that both techniques enforce each other and private data transmitting become more secure.