Carica papaya has been used for centuries in many non-Western medical practices (e.g., Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese and Vietnamese, Unani) for its homeostatic and health-promoting properties. Anecdotal reports have recently surfaced indicating the daily consumption of tea extract made from C. papaya has been related to cancer remission, including remission from certain advanced solid tumor cancers. As a result, we set out to investigate C. papaya leaf extract's in vitro effects on human cancer cells as well as its in vivo effects in cancer patients using scientific methodologies.The phytochemical composition of C. papaya leaf extract was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), immune-modulatory and anti-cancer properties were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and various solid tumor cell lines, and clinical laboratory measurements were examined in 116 cancer patients who obtained capsules of C. papaya leaf extract.Our findings suggest that C. papaya has a lot of promise as an adjuvant therapy for certain cancers, and further research is required. In cultured cancer cells, papaya extract tends to be toxic, meaning that it may be used as a drug. For the first time, scientists discovered that papaya leaf extract increases the development of Th1-type cytokines, which are important signaling molecules. In addition to papaya's direct anti-tumor effect on a variety of cancers, this immune system control indicates potential cancer-fighting therapeutic strategies. Th1-type cytokines are important signaling molecules that are increased by papaya leaf extract. Researchers subjected 10 different types of cancer cell cultures to four strengths of papaya leaf extract and assessed the effect after 24 hours, preventing a typical and destructive outcome of many cancer therapy regimens. In every society, papaya inhibited tumor growth.

The present investigation was undertaken to study properties of polyphenol oxidase and monitor changes in polyphenal oxidase activity in Ganesh cultivar of pomegranate during storage. The characterization of polyphenol oxidase in pomeqranate fruit extract with respect to effect of enzyme concentration and substrate concentration was studied . for studying changes in polyphenol oxidase activity during storage, the pomegranate fruits at half yellow stage were freshly harvested and stored at ambient temperature and analyzed after 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days of storage. The polyphenol oxidase activity has increased up to 8 th day of storage and thereafter, decreased slightly on 10 th day.

Because of their broad pharmacological potentials and lower side effects in biological systems, medicinal plants are particularly popular in numerous traditional medical systems. Piper nigrum L. (Family Piperaceae) is a well-known spice known as "The King of Spices" among many others. It includes the pungent alkaloid ‘‘piperine," which is thought to have a variety of pharmacological effects. By blocking many metabolizing enzymes, it increases the bioavailability of a variety of medicines and minerals.Anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-asthmatics, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, antispasmodic, antidepressants, immunomodulatory, anticonvulsant, anti-thyroids, antibacterial, antifungal, hepato-protective, insecticidal, and larvicidal activities are just a few of the pharmacological properties Black pepper has traditionally been used to treat diarrhea, dyspepsia, cholera, and gastrointestinal problems.It contains alkaloids, flavones, steroids, and terpenes, among other active phytochemicals. Piperine is the main alkaloid contained in black pepper, accounting for around 4-6 percent of the total. Piperine has recently been discovered to be a PPAR-agonist, a ligand-activated transcription factor found in adipocytes and macrophages that promotes adipocyte development and insulin sensitivity. As a result, piperine could be used as an anti-diabetic medication. Essential oils, acids, esters, alcohol, and phenols make up this mixture. The essential oils that give it its distinct flavor are primarily made up of a group of chemical molecules known as terpenes. Black pepper's antibacterial properties are due to terpenes. Black pepper also has the ability to stimulate saliva secretion, HCL acid, digestive fluid, bile, and mucus, all of which contribute to immune stability. This study aims to give a review of the literature on pharmacognosy, pharmacological activity, and novel piperine.

Hibiscus sinensis is an annual/Perennial plant belongs to Malvaceae family commonly referred to as "roselle" famous for its medicinal value found world wide and native to West and East Africa, South-East Asia, Northeastern India. Roselle is cultivated in humid and warm climate. The plant consist phytoconstituents like malic, citric, tartaric, allo-hydroxycitric acid also reach in vitamin C, Vitamin A. Roselle is popular for it's therapeutic and nutritional value. Seeds, leaves, fruits and roots are utilized in herbal medicine for hair growth treatment. The Roselle, having various medically important compounds called photochemical, is documented for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Many parts of Roselle including seeds, leaves, fruits and roots are utilized in various foods also as in herbal medicine as a possible non-pharmacological treatment. In the treatment of various medical conditions, including several cardiovascular diseases, helmentic disease and cancer, different extracts from Roselle play an important role. Phytochemical research has reported that flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and alkaloids are the most bioactive compounds responsible for their medicinal effects. Experiments from recent studies have shown that different types of extracts from all Hibiscus. The components of rosa sinensis showed a good range of beneficial effects, such as hypotensive, anti-pyritic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, wound healing, and abortifacient activities. Hibiscus rosa sinensis has been utilized in many herbal mix and drinks. This review plan to highlight the therapeutic application of Hibiscus rosa sinensis.

Herbal medicine refers to the use of any plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate the antimicrobial herbal ointment from ethanolic extracts of leaves of Colocasia esculenta. The ointment base was created, and the ointment was made by using the levigation process to incorporate the extract into the base. It was assessed for physicochemical criteria such as colour, odour, pH, spreadability, extrudability, consistency, diffusion studies, solubility, and washability once the formulation was completed. The formulation was further tested for stability at various temperatures, revealing no differences in irritancy, spreadability.