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Out of multiple therapeutic targets, DPP-IV is the lead target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Natural products have always been available for the possible lead generation against various diseases and disorders. In the present review, we have covered various natural sources which have experimentally validated anti-diabetic activity for type 2 diabetic patients with specific focus on the DPP-IV inhibition. Out of all, the most potent DPP-IV inhibitors were found to be resveratrol, luteolin, apigenin and flavone having activity in nanomolar range. Standard drugs like sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and diprotin A have complex structures as compared to these phenolic compounds. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds have their added advantages in being present in a number of functional foods and carry antioxidant properties as well. So, the scientists working on the new chemical entity hunting for the type 2 diabetes treatment can also explore these natural sources for lead generation.

A two-dimensional bay and river coupled numerical model in Cartesian coordinates was developed to find the impact of the river on the simulated water levels associated with a storm along the coast of Bangladesh. The shallow water models developed for both the bay and river were discretized by the finite difference method with forward in time and central in space. The boundaries for the coast and islands were approximated through proper stair steps representation and solved by a conditionally stable semi-implicit manner on a staggered Arakawa C-grid. A one-way nested scheme technique was used in the bay model to include coastal complexities as well as to save computational costs. A stable tidal condition was made by forcing the sea levels with the most energetic tidal constituent, M2, along with the southern open boundary of the bay model omitting wind stress. The developed model was then applied to foresee the sea-surface elevation associated with the catastrophic cyclone of 1991 and cyclone MORA. A comparative study of the water levels associated with a storm was made through model simulations with and without the inclusion of the river system. We found that the surge height in the bay-river junction area decreased by 20% and the surge height reduced by about 3–8% outside the junction area from this study. The obtained results were found to have a satisfactory similarity with some of the observed data.

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