RESUMO.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da termoterapia no controle de fungos associados a sementes de cumaru (Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith) de duas localidades, após tratamento térmico e químico. A avaliação da sanidade foi realizada pelo método de incubação em papel filtro (Blotter Test) e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes pelos testes de germinação e condutividade elétrica. O tratamento térmico utilizado foi por imersão em água aquecida a 60°C por 0, 5, 10 e 20 min. e o tratamento químico foi feito com o fungicida Captan. Utilizaram-se 100 sementes por tratamento (dez sementes por placa de Petri), as quais foram incubadas, por sete dias, à temperatura de 22 ± 2ºC e fotoperíodo de 12h. A avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa (expressa em porcentagem) dos fungos associados às sementes foi realizada com auxílio de microscópio estereoscópico. Nas amostras examinadas, constatou-se apenas a incidência do fungo Aspergillus niger. Houve maior incidência de A. niger no lote da localidade Catolé do Rocha, Estado da Paraíba, sendo a incidência do fungo muito baixa na localidade Petrolina, Estado do Pernambuco. Os tratamentos que apresentaram melhor resultado foram o fungicida e a termoterapia por 20 min. Palavras-chave:Aspergillus niger, cumaru, tratamento de sementes.ABSTRACT. Health and physiological quality of Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith seeds subjected to thermotherapy and chemical treatment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of thermotherapy in the control of fungi associated with seeds of cumaru (Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith) from two localities, after thermal and chemical treatment. The health assessment was conducted by the method of incubation on paper filter (Blotter Test) and physiological quality seeds was determined by germination tests and electrical conductivity. The thermal treatment was used by immersion in water heated to 60 degrees for 5, 10 and 20 minutes. The chemical treatment was done with Captan fungicide. The study used 100 seeds per treatment (10 seeds per petri dish), which were incubated for seven days, at a temperature of 22 ± 2°C and 12-hour photoperiod. The qualitative and quantitative assessment (expressed in percentage) of the fungi associated with the seeds was done with the help of a stereoscope. In the examined samples, only the Aspergillus niger fungus was found. There was a higher incidence of A. niger in the lot from the town of Catolé Rocha, Paraíba State, with very low incidence of the fungus in the town Petrolina, Pernambuco State. The treatments with the best results were fungicide and thermotherapy for 20 minutes.Keywords: Aspergillus niger, cumaru, seed treatment. IntroduçãoO semi-árido nordestino apresenta grandes potencialidades econômicas de desenvolvimento sustentável, constituindo-se em bioma rico e diversificado, onde cerca de 30% da área da caatinga corre risco de desertificação pelos impactos antrópicos, em função da ocupação agrícola, urbana e, sobretudo, da pobreza acentuada de boa parte da população que busca sua fon...

The tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata is the aetiological agent of Alternaria brown spot on tangerines. In the state of Paraíba, Brazil, its occurrence on "Dancy" tangerine trees is associated with genetic aspects as well as the influence of environmental conditions on reproduction and dissemination within and between populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diversity of isolates of this pathogen using morphophysiological and molecular markers. For the analysis of mycelial growth and sporulation, 30 isolates from different locations were examined at 24-hour intervals until the seventh day, when the spores were quantified. The 30 isolates were characterised based on molecular markers (ISSR) and genetic similarity (Jaccard index). A factor arrangement was used: 30 isolates, four media (ODA, PDA, LEA and V8), three light regimes (continuous dark, alternating light and continuous light) and three temperatures (15˚C, 25˚C and 35˚C), with 12 repetitions. Groups 1, 2 and 3 presented low genetic variability. Group 4 showed high genetic variability of the isolates obtained from the Massaranduba (state of Paraíba-Brazil) producing region and higher mycelial growth and sporulation of A. alternata. The continuous light regime and the temperature 25˚C in PDA and V8 media were the ideal conditions for the mycelial growth and sporulation, respectively, of the isolates of A. alternata.

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, is one of the major diseases of cotton. Preventive methods to manage this disease should be adopted what includes the seed treatment with biocontrol agents as a good alternative. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of biological products based on Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis in the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov) applied in seeds and seedlings of cotton. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratório de Fitopatologia of the Centro de Ciências Agrárias, of the Universidade Federal de Paraíba (CCA-UFPB), located in the city of Areia, Paraíba - Brazil. The disease transmission of the seeds to the seedlings was evaluated. After the transmission test, cotton seeds of the variety Mocó (Gossypium hirsutum var. Marie-gallante (Watt) Hutch.), BRS 286 and Topázio cultivar (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were submitted to the treatments T1 - Control, T2 - Trichodel® (0,5 mL); T3-Trichodel® (1.0 mL); T4-Trichodel® (1.5 mL); T5-Trichodel® (2.0 mL); T6-Bactel® (2.0 mL); T7-Bactel® (2.5 mL); T8-Bactel® (3.0 mL); T9-Bactel® (3.5 mL) diluted in 100 mL SDW; T10 - Fungicide Captana (240 g / 100 kg of seeds) and inoculated with Fov. The pathogen incidence of the seeds was evaluated seven days after the inoculation (DAI). To evaluate the biological control of Fov in the seedlings, the treated seeds were submitted to the following inoculation methods: 1 - inoculation of the substrate with a pathogen conidia suspension; 2 - immersion of the seeds in the conidia suspension and 3 - direct contact of the seeds with the pathogen mycelium. Twenty-one DAI the disease severity and percentage of seedlings with vascular darkening were evaluated. It was observed a transmission rate of 64.0 to 89.0% of the seeds to the seedlings. Trichodel® reduced the incidence and severity of Fov in the cotton seedlings and was the most efficient product.

The aim of this work was to evaluate physiological and biochemical responses of faveleira under salinity. Plants were grown in nutrient solution containing 0, 50, 100 or 150 mM NaCl. After 8 days of stress, plants were harvested and separated into roots, xylopodium, stem ? petiole (SP), and basal, median and apical leaves. Salinity reduced the dry weight of all plant parts, although the indicators of water status were not changed. Salt stress increased the content of Na ? in the different plant parts, especially in xylopodium, in which it increased approximately eightfold while the content of K ? decreased by approximately 40 % under 150 mM NaCl. As a consequence, the K ? /Na ? ratio decreased in all plant organs. In stressed plants, the content of soluble sugars was increased in the roots, SP and leaf strata and the content of soluble proteins increased in all organs. The content of total free amino acids increased in the roots, SP and apical leaves, while the proline content increased in all organs except in xylopodium. It is suggested that the xylopodium may be involved in a mechanism of exclusion and/or compartmentalization of Na ? in faveleira under salinity to avoid ionic toxicity in the leaves.

RESUMO -O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de NaCl nas fases de multiplicação e enraizamento in vitro do abacaxizeiro cultivar MD Gold. Brotos de abacaxizeiro foram inoculados em meio MS, na ausência e presença dos fitorreguladores ácido naftalenoacético (ANA) e 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) e também de diferentes concentrações de NaCl (Controle -0; 50; 100 e 150 mM). Mensalmente, os brotos foram subcultivados e foram analisados altura média, número de folhas vivas e mortas, taxas de brotação e enraizamento. Durante a multiplicação e na ausência de ANA e BAP, o NaCl provocou significativa redução no crescimento e desenvolvimento de brotos de abacaxizeiro, expresso pela altura e pelo número de folhas, nas doses mais elevadas, contrariamente, na presença dos fitorreguladores. Durante os 60 dias iniciais, ocorreu aumento na produção de folhas. Contudo, aos 90 dias, observou-se decréscimo na média de folhas vivas nos brotos tratados com sal. O cultivo in vitro de abacaxizeiro em presença de sal é mais eficiente na presença de ANA e BAP, garantindo a manutenção do crescimento, aumentando o número de folhas, produzindo novas gemas e acelerando o processo de enraizamento. Termos para indexação: Ananas comosus, estresse salino, fitorreguladores, cultivo in vitro. SALINITY INDICATORS IN PINEAPPLE GROWN IN THE ABSENCE AND PRESENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORSABSTRACT -To assess the effects of salt on the pineapple MD Gold during the multiplication and rooting phases in vitro, this study evaluated its performance in different concentrations of NaCl in the absence or presence of growth regulators. Pineapple shoots were inoculated on MS solution in the absence and presence of the growth regulators naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzlaminopurine (BAP) and different concentrations of NaCl (Control -0, 50, 100 and 150 mM). Monthly, shoots were subcultured and it was analyzed height, number of alive and dead leaves, and the rates of sprouting and rooting. During the multiplication in the absence of NAA and BAP, the NaCl treatments caused significant reduction in growth and development of pineapple shootings, expressed by the height and number of leaves, in the highest dose, which was not observed in the presence of growth regulators. During the first 60 days, an increase in leaf production occurred. However, after 90 days, there was a decrease in average living leaves in the shoots treated with salt. The in vitro cultivation of pineapple in the presence of salt is more efficient in the presence of NAA and BAP, ensuring continued growth, increasing the number of leaves, producing new buds and accelerating the process of rooting.